Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
C
URRENT
O
PINION
Penile cancer: organ-sparing surgery
Antonio Carlos Lima Pompeo
a
, Steˆnio de Ca´ssio Zequi
b
, and
Alexandre Saad Feres Lima Pompeo
c
Purpose of review
Penile cancer is a devastating disease, usually diagnosed late, that requires wide excisions, which causes
alterations in self-esteem and body image, affecting sexual and urinary functions, which compromise
quality of life. Recently, an increasing interest in penile-sparing surgeries (PSSs) has emerged, aiming to
spare patients from these complications.
Recent findings
Several options of PSS have been popularized for selected cases (Ta-1, Tis and some T2), such as wide
local excision, circumcision, partial penectomy, total or partial glansectomies with or without glans-
resurfacing procedures, as well as new glans reconstructions using spatulated urethral advances
or free skin grafts. These options, in general, achieve good local control, with adequate functional
results and satisfactory cosmetic appearance. The local recurrences, however, are slightly higher
than amputations. Contemporary techniques such as laser or cryotherapy can be performed in selected
cases.
Summary
PSS must be indicated only for superficial penile cancer cases, such as Tis and Ta-1, and for selected invasive
lesions (small distal pT2 tumors). Candidates for PSS should be adherent to follow-up requirements, allowing
early detection of local recurrences. Prompt and effective salvage procedures are mandatory in these
situations.
Keywords
glansectomy, organ sparing, penile cancer
INTRODUCTION
Penile cancer is a rare disease in the USA/Europe
(0.2/100,000 men), but is common in underdevel-
oped countries. The highest incidence is found in
South America, Africa and Asia (2.3–8.3 cases/
1,000,000) [1–3]. Recent survey in Brazil revealed
that 40% of patients with penile cancer were
young: under 26 years (3.5%), 27–35 (3.9%),
36–45 (12%) and 46–55 (18.7%), respectively
[4]. For advanced stages, total or partial amputa-
tions are the current therapeutic options [3,5]. In
spite of the oncological effectiveness, penile ampu-
tations promote mutilations that affect corporal
image, self-esteem and genital sensibility, fre-
quently impairing sexual function or micturition.
Several conservative procedures have been pro-
posed to enhance functional/cosmetic outcomes
for partial penectomy [6
&
,7
&
,8,9
&
,10] aiming to
maintain the high amputation cure rates. The
authors’ objective in this article is to update the
contemporary knowledge related to penile-sparing
surgeries (PSSs).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Literature review was done searching (http://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) the following
mesh terms: ‘penile sparing surgeries, partial penec-
tomy, penile preservation, glansectomy, glans
resurfacing/reconstruction, neoglans, organ sparing
surgery and penile cancer’. As literature is scarce, we
searched publications from the last two decades
(1990–2014) and some classic articles in English,
Spanish, Portuguese, German, French and Italian
languages.
a
Department of Urology ABC Medical School, Santo Andre ´,
b
Division of
Urology, Department of Pelvic Surgery, AC Camargo Cancer Center and
c
Division of Urology, ABC Medical School, Santo Andre ´, Sa ˜ o Paulo,
Brasil
Correspondence to Antonio Carlos Lima Pompeo, Disciplina de Urolo-
gia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Prı´ncipe de Gales, 821-Vila
Prı´ncipe de Gales, SantoAndre ´ -SP 09060-650, Brazil. Tel/fax: + 5511
4993 5462; e-mail: pompeuro@uol.com.br
Curr Opin Urol 2015, 25:121–128
DOI:10.1097/MOU.0000000000000149
0963-0643 Copyright ß 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. www.co-urology.com
REVIEW