FULL PAPER
DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403644
Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Aminocarbonylation by Decarboxylative
Coupling: Synthesis of Alkynyl Amides
Jinil Hwang,
[a]
Jinseop Choi,
[a]
Kyungho Park,
[a]
Wonyoung Kim,
[a]
Kwang Ho Song,*
[b]
and
Sunwoo Lee*
[a]
Keywords: Synthetic methods / Palladium / Carbonylation / Alkynes / Amides
Alkynyl amides were synthesized from a palladium-cata-
lyzed coupling reaction of alkynyl carboxylic acids and
amines under carbon monoxide. The reaction was conducted
with palladium(II) acetate (5 mol-%) and silver(I) oxide
Introduction
Transition-metal-catalyzed carbonylations, which are
coupling reactions in the presence of carbon monoxide,
have been developed and widely used for the synthesis of a
number of carbonyl compounds such as ketones, aldehydes,
amides, and esters. These reactions with carbon monoxide
are valued because of their simplicity and atom economy.
[1]
In addition, a variety of reactions such as Heck,
[2]
Suzuki,
[3]
Stille,
[4]
and Sonogashira
[5]
coupling reactions have been
employed as carbonylative couplings to produce desired
ketones. We were first to report the palladium-catalyzed de-
carboxylative carbonylation for the synthesis of alkynyl
ketones from the coupling reactions of alkynyl carboxylic
acids and aryl halides in the presence of carbon mon-
oxide.
[6]
Although many kinds of decarboxylative coupling
reactions have been developed by our group and others,
[7]
a decarboxylative oxidative carbonylation has never been
reported. Therefore, we have focused on developing the syn-
thesis of alkynyl amides by using a decarboxylative oxidat-
ive carbonylation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, the amide functionality
is one of the most important building blocks for the synthe-
sis of bioactive compounds.
[8]
Alkynyl amides are also im-
portant building blocks. Among the numerous methods to
prepare alkynyl amides, the coupling reaction between a
carbamoyl chloride and a terminal alkyne has most often
[a] Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science,
Chonnam National University,
Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
E-mail: sunwoo@chonnam.ac.kr
[b] Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering,
Korea University,
Seoul, 1360713, Republic of Korea
E-mail: khsong@korea.ac.kr
Supporting information for this article is available on the
WWW under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201403644.
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 2235–2243 © 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2235
(1.0 equiv.) in acetonitrile at 80 °C for 1 h. This method pro-
vides good to moderate product yields and good functional
group tolerance towards ketone, ester, and nitrile groups.
been used [Scheme 1 (a)].
[9]
However, this method has some
drawbacks, as there are limited types of carbamoyl chlor-
ides commercially available and they are moisture sensitive.
A similar reaction type, the reaction of propiolic acid
derivatives with amines, has also been employed
[Scheme 1 (b)].
[10]
However, this process requires multiple
reaction steps to transform the acid into an active func-
tional group such as an ester and acid chloride. Recently,
Zhu and co-workers reported the copper-catalyzed direct
oxidative coupling of propiolic acid and formamide, but
only one example was described.
[11]
An alternative method,
the transition-metal-mediated or -catalyzed oxidative carb-
onylation of terminal alkynes and amines in the presence
of carbon monoxide has been reported, but there are few
published papers [Scheme 1 (c)]. Hoberg and co-workers re-
ported a noncatalytic system with a nickel complex for an
oxidative aminocarbonylation.
[12]
Gabriele and co-workers
first reported a PdI
2
-catalyzed oxidative aminocarbon-
ylation,
[13]
and the Yamamoto group employed PdCl
2
/PPh
3
as a catalytic system in the synthesis of an alkynyl amide.
[14]
Recently, Bhanage’s research group developed a hetero-
geneous reusable palladium catalytic system for an oxidat-
ive aminocarbonylation.
[15]
However, these methods employ
only four or five types of aryl alkynes in their coupling reac-
Scheme 1. Synthesis of alkynyl amides.