Advances in Remote Sensing, 2015, 4, 270-279
Published Online December 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ars
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ars.2015.44022
How to cite this paper: Dixon, L. and Ambinakudige, S. (2015) Remote Sensing Study of Glacial Change in the Northern Pa-
tagonian Icefield. Advances in Remote Sensing, 4, 270-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ars.2015.44022
Remote Sensing Study of Glacial Change in
the Northern Patagonian Icefield
Lucy Dixon, Shrinidhi Ambinakudige
Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
Received 23 October 2015; accepted 27 November 2015; published 30 November 2015
Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
The Patagonian Icefield has the largest temperate ice mass in the southern hemisphere. Using re-
mote sensing techniques, this study analyzed multi-decadal glacial retreat and expansion of glaci-
er lakes in Northern Patagonia. Glacial boundaries and glacier lake boundaries for 1979, 1985,
2000, and 2013 were delineated from Chilean topographic maps and Landsat satellite images. As-
ter stereo images were used to measure mass balance from 2007 to 2012. The highest retreat was
observed in San Quintin glacier. The area of glacier lakes increased from 13.49 km
2
in 1979 to
65.06 km
2
in 2013. Four new glacier lakes formed between 1979 and 2013. Between 2007 and
2012, significant glacial thinning was observed in major glaciers, including HPN1, Pared Norte,
Strindberg, Acodado, Nef, San Quintin, Colonia, HPN4, and Benito glaciers. Generally, ablation
zones lost more mass than accumulation zones.
Keywords
Patagonia, Glaciers, South America, ASTER
1. Introduction
Glaciers are key indicators for assessing climate change [1]-[3]. Beginning in the nineteenth century, glaciers in
many parts of the world retreated significantly, which was a clear indicator of climate warming [3]-[7]. There-
fore, an accurate estimation of mass balance, glacial retreat, and glacier lake expansion in mountain glaciers will
contribute to the understanding of the global impacts of climate change. Such data will also help develop an
early warning system for Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF), which can devastate vulnerable downstream
localities.
Further, documentation of glacier measurements in major glacial regions is not comprehensive. For example,
the European Alpine glaciers have been well documented using both in situ and remote sensing methods. The