www.sciedu.ca/jst Journal of Solid Tumors, 2015, Vol. 5, No. 2 ISSN 1925-4067 E-ISSN 1925-4075 94 ORI GI NAL ARTI CLE Childhood orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: Report from Children’s Cancer Hospital-57357-Egypt Enas El-Nadi 1,8 , Hossam Elzomor 1,2 , Rania M. Labib 3,8 , Ahmad S. Alfaar 3 , Mohamed S. Zaghloul 4 , Hala Taha 5 , Alaa Younes 6 , Madeeha Elwakeel 7 1. Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. 2. National Cancer Institute, Egypt. 3. Department of Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. 4. Department of Radiotherapy, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. 5. Department of Surgical Pathology, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. 6. Department of Surgery, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. 7. Department of Radiodiagnosis, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. 8. Beni Suef University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. Correspondence: Enas El-Nadi, MD. Address: Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 (CCHE), 1Seket El-Emam, Sayeda Zeinab, Cairo 11441, Egypt. Email: elnadienas@gmail.com Received: March 5, 2015 Accepted: June 24, 2015 Online Published: July 28, 2015 DOI : 10.5430/jst.v5n2p94 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jst.v5n2p94 Abstract Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the head and neck especially orbit represents a major anatomic site for this tumor in pediatrics. Orbital RMS is the most common primary orbital malignancy in children with approximately 35 new cases per year. Objectives: The aim of this work is to study cases of orbital RMS and assess epidemiology, clinical and pathological characteristics as well as survival outcomes. Methods: Patients diagnosed with orbital RMS between July 2007 and July 2012 follow-up till July 2014. They were treated according to IRS-IV and IRS V protocols. Case report forms were analyzed and treatment outcome, OS and FFS for patients were analyzed. Results: Seventeen orbital RMS patients were diagnosed at the mentioned period. Complete remission was identified in 7 (41.2%) cases, Partial remission in 4 (23.5%) cases and progressive disease in 4 (23.5%) cases while 2 cases died before evaluation. Three patients had experienced different management-related ophthalmic sequelae. Only one patient died due to chemotherapy-associated toxicity. The 4-years OS and 4-years FFS were 94.1 ± 5.7% and 65.4 ± 1.5% respectively. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that RMS cases that present with orbit involvement are associated with better clinical outcome. Future treatment of patients with non-metastatic orbital RMS will focus on adjustments in therapy to reduce acute and late adverse effects while maintaining their excellent treatment outcome. New therapeutic approaches are required for the patients whose present outcome is less than optimal. Key words Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, Clinical outcome, Sarcoma prognostic significance