2 nd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research & Practice Page | 261 Volume III Issue I IJRSI ISSN 2321-2705 Influence of Tool Shoulder Geometry on Friction Stir Welding: A Literature Review Saumil K.Joshi, Jaivesh D. Gandhi PG Student, S'adVidya Mandal Institute of Technology-Bharuch, Gujarat Technological University, (India) Assistant Professor, Mechanical Department, S'adVidya Mandal Institute of Technology-Bharuch, Gujarat Technological University, (India) Abstract– FSW is solid state joining process. It is widely used for joining hard alloy like steel, titanium, aluminium alloy which is very difficult to join by fusion welding. FSW joint quality mainly influenced by shoulder & pin geometry, its diameter, tool material, tool rotation speed and linear travelling speed. In FSW, tool shoulder is main source of heat generation and also it give an axial force on weld zone for joining the two materials which may be same or different.So, its geometry and dimension have grate impertinence in FSW weld. This review present different shoulder geometries with different shoulder diameter of FSW tool. Keyword –FSW process, FSW tool, shoulder geometry, shoulder diameter I. INTRODUCTION rom last some years, world focus on developing efficient and environment friendly metal joining processes. So, for joining two materials focus on Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is increased now. FSW developed by W. Thomas at TWI in 1991.FSW is advance welding technology and has emerged as a solid state joining process which used to join that materials which is difficult to join by fusion welding processes.This technique is use in aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile industries. The basic concept behind the FSW process is that, after matting the two weld edges, a non-consumable rotating tool is plunge between them and give feed to it along the weld seam. The metal is extruded from the base plate around the tool before being forged by the shoulder. In FSW 70% heat is generated by the shoulder and rest by pin probe. [1] Here the heat generated by toolis only enough to weld material at solid state and metal flow due to stirring action of a pin. FSW is also an effective mean to refining the grain size of alloys via recrystallization. That’s why FSW is significant potential for joining the low melting point non-ferrous metals in simple and complex geometry. FSW process is shown in figure 1. Fig. 1 FSW Process Principal [6] FSW give the grater microstructural properties and quality then base metal compare to other welding process because of crushing, stirring and forging action of tool [2] . Due to continuous good quality of weld, FSW is used for existing products or go ahead for new complex products. Advantages of FSW:  Low distortion and shrinkage, even in long weld.  One tool can typically be used for up to 1000 m of weld length in 6xxx series alloys.  No grinding, brushing or picking required in mass production.  Operate in all position.  No porosity, fume and spatter.  Excellent mechanical properties.  No filler metal required. II. FSW TOOL FSW tool mainly consisttwodistinct parts namely pin and shoulder shown in figure 2. F