Roumanian Biotechnological Letters Vol. 13, No. 6, 2008, pp. 4066-4073
Copyright © 2008 Bucharest University Printed in Romania. All rights reserved
Roumanian Society of Biological Sciences
ORIGINAL PAPER
4066
CG6199
LH2a
lethal allele from Drosophila melanogaster is a candidate model
for investigations on Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Received for publication, September 1, 2008
Accepted, October 30, 2008
MARIAN GRAUR
1
, ALEXANDRU AL. ECOVOIU
1
, ATTILA CRISTIAN RATIU
1
,
LORAND SAVU
2
, LUCIAN GAVRILA
Corresponding author: Marian Graur, Institute of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Intrarea
Portocalelor 1-3, 060101, phone number: 0040726318123, email:
1
1: Institute of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, sector 6, Bucharest,
Romania.
2: Genetic Lab, str. Popa Rusu, sector 2, Bucharest, Romania.
mariangraur@botanic.unibuc.ro
Abstract
CG6199 gene from Drosophila melanogaster is a structural orthologous of PLOD1 human
gene, which encodes for a lysyl hydroxylase and is involved in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type VI (the
ocular type). In order to determine phenotypic consequences of CG6199 impairing, loss-of-function
analysis was initiated and CG6199
LH2a
embryo lethal allele was obtained by P element mutagenesis.
This allele harbors an P{EP} transposon insertion into the 9
th
exon of CG6199, encoding for an amino
acid sequence belonging to the P4Hc functional domain of lysyl hydroxylase. Phenotypic and
molecular analysis of CG6199
LH2a
allele points that P4Hc is essential for the normal embryo
development of D. melanogaster.
Our data support a functional orthology between CG6199 and PLOD1 genes, creating
premises for the study of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome using D. melanogaster experimental model.
Keywords: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Drosophila melanogaster, PLOD1, CG6199, transposon
mutagenesis.
Introduction
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by
hiperelastic skin, severe joints hipermobility and luxations, weakness of tissues and
cardiovascular complications [1, 2]. In some cases of EDS syndrome type VI (the ocular
type), a lysyl hydroxylase deficiency was reported, caused by mutations in PLOD1 human
gene [3]. PLOD1 gene maps to 1p36.3-36.2 [4], has about 41 kb and 19 exons and encodes
for lysyl hydroxylase ( LH1, procollagen lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5 dioxygenase 1;
EC1.14.11.4). This enzyme belongs to the group of 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenases or 2 OG-
Fe(II) oxygenases, which also includes prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha subunit, isopenicilin
synthases and AlkB [5]. LH1 hydroxylates lysine residues during collagen synthesis, enabling
them to serve as attachment sites for carbohydrate units, which confer stability of the
intermolecular collagen crosslinks. The hydroxylation reaction catalyzed by lysyl hydroxilase
requires Fe
2+
, 2-oxoglutarate, O
2
and ascorbate as essential cofactors and generates lysyl
residues in procollagen polypeptide, CO
2
and succinate [6]. The deficiency of LH1 leads to a
decrease in hydroxylysine content of collagen, resulting in synthesis of collagen that lacks
normal structural stability. While the prevalence of this disease is low (1/5000-10000), it is
recorded in every continent and affects both sexes [7].