Social Education
256
Just Google It?: Supporting
Historical Reasoning and
Engagement during Online
Research
Ashley N. Woodson
I’d be like, just Google it or whatever because the [history] teacher won’t
know…. You got some dates, you’re good enough. I mean, it’s not like on math
worksheets where you gotta, like, show your work.
—Jayvon, high school journalism student
In math classrooms, the phrase “show
your work” reminds students to detail
the steps that justify their answers. This
process helps them to better understand
the math problem, the problem-solving
process and ultimately, the solution.
1
When I met Jayvon, he did not believe
that he needed to show his work for his
history homework. He considered a
Google search that produced accurate
dates was good enough.
Google and other online search en-
gines can provide immediate answers
to empirical questions about history.
However, this immediacy may under-
mine higher-level historical reasoning
and student engagement in historical
research.
2
It is important that teachers
continue to develop strategies that sup-
port students’ active engagement with
online historical content. This article
describes three strategies that Jayvon,
his classmates, and I developed to sup-
port historical reasoning and engage-
ment in our journalism classroom.
Historical Reasoning, the
Internet and Urban Digital
Inequities
Historical content knowledge—lists of
names, dates, and locations—are an
important component of social stud-
ies education.
3
Students also benefit
from understanding the personalities
behind the names, the experiences
bracketed by the dates, and the mean-
ings associated with different loca-
tions. This knowledge is developed
in part through historical reasoning,
or, the process of placing and under-
standing historical phenomenon in
the appropriate historical context.
4
Historical reasoning requires certain
skills, including the ability to analyze
historical sources, to generate hypoth-
eses based on these sources, and to
use these sources to construct interpre-
tive accounts of the past.
5
These skills
are necessary for students to evaluate
the range of primary and secondary
sources available online.
6
Historical reasoning helps us trans-
form isolated facts into engaging nar-
ratives about who we are, where we’ve
been, and where we might be headed.
Unfortunately, the curriculum in many
social studies classrooms does not
support the development of histori-
cal reasoning.
7
While this is a problem
across contexts, the growing influence
of online sources in school-based
historical research uniquely affects
students in urban settings.
8
These
students are less likely to have access
to the types of instruction that pro-
mote historical reasoning,
9
to models
of informed Internet use,
10
and to in-
school online activities that encourage
higher order thinking.
11
These dispari-
ties have been referred to as digital
inequity.
12
Strategies that encourage
students’ historical reasoning and crit-
ical Internet use might help to address
digital inequities in urban classrooms.
The Context
I met Jayvon when I taught Newspaper
Journalism I in an urban, low-income
vocational high school. All of my stu-
dents were sophomores, juniors, or
seniors who self-identified as black,
Latino/a or multiracial. Students could
take the class for one semester or for
the entire year, and could reenroll dur-
ing subsequent years if their schedules
allowed. For example, Jayvon enrolled
for his entire sophomore year, the second
semester of his junior year, and the first
semester of his senior year.
The classes supported the objec-
tives for college and career readiness
of the Common Core State Standards
for English Language Arts, 6–12 and
Literacy in History/Social Studies,
6–12. Assignments aimed to integrate
the foundations of journalistic writing
with historical thinking and research.
13
Early in the semester, students identi-
Social Education 79(5), pp 256–260
©2015 National Council for the Social Studies