1 Marmot evolution and global change in the past 100 million years P. David Polly 1 , Andrea Cardini 2,3,4,5 , Edward B. Davis 6 , and Scott J. Steppan 7 1 Department of Geological Sciences, Biology, and Anthropology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10 th Street, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA. pdpolly@indiana.edu 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, l.go S. Eufemia 19, 41121 Modena, Italy. cardini@unimo.it 3 Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 4 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; 5 Centre for Forensic Science , The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia 6 Museum of Natural and Cultural History and Department of Geology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 USA. edavis@uoregon.edu 7 Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1100 USA. steppan@bio.fsu.edu Introduction Ground squirrels of the genus Marmota are known for their ability to tolerate bitterly cold climates, which they in part accomplish with their exceptional ability to hibernate for as Polly, P. D., A. Cardini, E. B. Davis, and S. Steppan. 2015. Marmot evolution and global change in the past 10 million years. Pp. 246-276 in P. G. Cox and L. Hautier (eds.), Evolution of the Rodents: Advances in Phylogeny, Palaeontology and Functional Morphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.