Chapter 6 Mobilizing Against Mobility: Immigration Politics in a New Security World 1 Gallya Lahav SUNY Stony Brook Immediately following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the USA shut down its air trafic system for several days, and rerouted an estimated 45,000 passengers to Canada, which shut down its own airspace in order to serve as an American proxy landspace. The creation of Operation Yellow Rib- bon by Canada’s Department of Transport not only stood as testament to spec- tacular international cooperation, but also revealed the growing participation of foreign states and non-state actors, (e.g., airlines, private security forces, communications companies) in managing mobility and border control. The surge of policy instruments at the national and international lev- els captured the dramatic realization of new world threats emanating from human mobility, which include terrorists, migrants, drug trafickers, human smugglers, and foreign students. They visibly exposed the changing nature of threats, while masking some of the dramatic qualitative changes and policy challenges incurred since 9/11. 1 I am grateful to the hospitality and support of the MOVE project at the Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies, Université de Neuchâtel. This chapter is part of a broad project, sponsored by the generous grant of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. It has been greatly enhanced by the invaluable intellectual contributions of my colleagues at the SFM, and especially, Gianni D’Amato and Didier Ruedin, who have had some visible impact on the inished work.