Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 9:367–392, 2011
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 1556-2948 print / 1556-2956 online
DOI: 10.1080/15562948.2011.616801
U.S. Social Work Practitioners’ Attitudes
Towards Immigrants and Immigration:
Results From an Online Survey
YOOSUN PARK
School for Social Work, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
RUPALEEM BHUYAN
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
CATHERINE RICHARDS and ANDREW RUNDLE
Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
The purpose of this work was to survey social work practitioners
regarding their attitudes towards immigrants, and to develop a
multidomain scale measuring these attitudes. A convenience sam-
ple of 1,124 practitioners in 47 states participated in the survey,
which was administered online. The 28 attitude questions were
designed as Likert scale items probing five domains: immigrant as-
similation, perceived threat, immigration policy, receipt of social
services, and responsibilities of social workers towards immigrants.
The practitioners exhibited positive attitudes towards immigrants
in general, but were less favorable towards undocumented immi-
grants, reflecting the bifurcation of immigrants into deserving and
undeserving populations, a problematic trend evident in society at
large. Scale scores for the five domains were all strongly intercorre-
lated and did not appear to tap into different underlying domains
around which attitudes varied. Thus, data from the five domains
were collapsed into a single attitudes scale that had a test-retest
reliability of 0.97 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95. More favorable
attitude scales scores were predicted by Hispanic ethnicity, a liberal
political outlook, higher income, and more community and pro-
fessional contact with immigrants. Those working at organizations
with “don’t ask, don’t tell” policies regarding client’s documenta-
tion status and at agencies that provide services to undocumented
immigrants had more favorable attitude scale scores. This study
Address correspondence to Yoosun Park, MSW, PhD, School for Social Work, Lilly Hall,
Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063. E-mail: ypark2@smith.edu
367