1 3 J Bone Miner Metab DOI 10.1007/s00774-015-0654-6 REVIEW ARTICLE Bone-adiposity cross-talk: implications for pediatric obesity A narrative review of literature Elodie Chaplais · David Thivel · David Greene · Frederic Dutheil · Pascale Duche · Geraldine Naughton · Daniel Courteix Received: 21 September 2014 / Accepted: 12 January 2015 © The Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research and Springer Japan 2015 products by fat tissue and hormones produced in bone tis- sue requires further investigations. Keywords Obesity · Adolescents · Adipocyte · Osteocyte Introduction Obesity is a world health concern with high prevalence among European and Australasian nations, including pedi- atric populations [1]. Childhood obesity prevalence has dra- matically increased over the past 4 decades [2]. For exam- ple, in 2013, respectively, 20 and 24 % of boys and 16 and 23 % of girls were overweight or obese in France and Aus- tralia [3]. Childhood obesity is known to be a risk factor for obesity later in life [4], leading to various repercussions on the metabolism, including the bone remodeling process. Indeed, bone mass is acquired by a complex and dynamic process involving resorption of bone by osteoclasts and formation of bone by osteoblasts [5]. As the peripubertal period is the most opportune time to boost bone structure, any negative influence during this period can adversely alter peak bone mass and contribute to increased risk of skeletal fractures in children and adolescents [6, 7]. Due to the important skeletal generation of adipocyte hormonal products, the impact of obesity on bone metabo- lism is gaining the attention of researchers. Currently, the complex relationship between fat mass and bone mass is well established [8]. Obesity effectively leads to hormo- nal alterations associated with increasing proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, favoring the accumulation of fat mass and loss of bone mass [8]. These physical and biological relations must be considered in obesity investiga- tions and interventions. In fact, excess body mass plays an important role in the mechanical response of the skeleton Abstract The rising prevalence of overweight and obe- sity among pediatric populations has become a major global concern. The objective of this review is to demon- strate potential interactions between the products released by fat tissue and the hormonal production of bone tissue in obese children and adolescents. Advancing the under- standing of the complex interactions between adipocyte and osteocyte activities may contribute to the mechanistic understanding of the body’s responses to weight loss dur- ing adolescence. This knowledge could also reveal any side effects encountered with these interventions. Cur- rently, the concept of bone-adiposity crosstalk has not been fully elucidated, and the mechanisms remain controversial. Understanding the local interactions between the released E. Chaplais · D. Thivel · F. Dutheil · P. Duche · D. Courteix Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA 3533, Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France E. Chaplais (*) · D. Greene · F. Dutheil · G. Naughton · D. Courteix School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield campus, Locked Bag 2002, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia e-mail: e.chaplais@live.fr D. Thivel · P. Duche · D. Courteix CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France F. Dutheil Occupational Medicine, University Hospital CHU G. Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France G. Naughton School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne campus, Fitzroy MDC, Locked Bag 4115, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia Author's personal copy