Hindawi Publishing Corporation Scienti�ca Volume 2012, Article ID 708042, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/708042 Research Article The Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Inbal Avisar, 1, 2 Dan D. Gaton, 1, 2 Hirsch Dania, 2, 3 and Hadas Stiebel-Kalish 1, 2 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100 Petah Tiqva, Israel 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69918 Tel Aviv, Israel 3 Department of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, 49100 Petah Tiqva, Israel Correspondence should be addressed to Inbal Avisar; avisar.inbal@gmail.com Received 27 May 2012; Accepted 1 July 2012 Academic Editors: M. F. Cordeiro and A. O. L. Wong Copyright © 2012 Inbal Avisar et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. e purpose of this study is to re-evaluate whether the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) amongst women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is higher than in the general population using the NIH criteria. Methods. We included all consecutive women with IIH of child-bearing age seen at a hospital-based neuro-ophthalmology clinic between the years 2000�2005. All consenting women included in this study �lled-out a screening questionnaire aimed at identifying women at risk for PCOS. e endocrinologist examined each patient suspect of PCOS as well as their biochemical results and diagnosed PCOS according to NIH criteria. e prevalence of PCOS in these women with IIH was compared with the reported prevalence of PCOS in the general population. Results. Out of 58 women with IIH who completed the study, de�nite PCOS was diagnosed in nine women (9/58; 15.5%). We found a signi�cantly higher prevalence of PCOS using the NIH criteria among the IHH study group (15.5%,   ) compared to the general population (8.7%). Conclusions. e prevalence of PCOS is higher among patients with IHH, compared to the general population. We suggest a novel screening questionnaire to aid in the identi�cation of women with IIH at risk for PCOS. 1. Introduction e etiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is unclear. IIH occurs mainly in young obese women. Underlying and associ- ated endocrinological abnormalities have been reported in numerous studies [1, 2]. Diagnostic criteria for IIH include signs and symptoms that re�ect intracranial pressure (e.g., papilledema), doc- umented elevated intracranial pressure with normal CSF composition, no evidence of mass, structural, or vascular lesion on MRI, MR venography, or contrast-enhanced CT, and no other cause of intracranial hypertension [1, 3]. Treatment is aimed mainly to prevent visual compromise and alleviate headaches. Acetazolamide, weight loss, and correc- tion of underlying risk factors, including endocrinological abnormalities, are recommended. Some cases are refractory to medical intervention and require surgery (fenestration of the optic-nerve sheath or lumboperitoneal shunting) [4, 5]. Women with IIH need all the help we can offer to aid them in �ghting obesity and endocrinological abnormalities in order to prevent visual compromise. e polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) includes truncal obesity, menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism with hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and multiple ovarian follicular cysts. PCOS is characterized by several endocrine abnormal- ities, including increased conversion of androstenedione to estrone by stromal cells within adipose tissue [6, 7]. Insulin resistance is more common in PCOS [8, 9]. ere are two main accepted systems for de�ning PCOS. According to the NIH criteria, two conditions have to be met: chronic anovulation and clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Recently, the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ESHRE/ASRM) sug- gested new criteria for the de�nition of PCOS. is is now de�ned as the presence of any two of the following conditions: (i) polycystic ovaries; (ii) oligo-/anovulation; (iii) clinical or