Violence and Victims, Volume 17, Number 3, June 2002
© Springer Publishing Company 283
Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Among
African American Women Experiencing
Recent Intimate Partner Violence
Martie P. Thompson
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Alanta, GA
Nadine J. Kaslow
J. B. Kingree
Emory University
Alanta, GA
The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for suicide attempts among 200
African American abused women (100 attempters, 100 nonattempters) and to test a cumu-
lative risk model to determine if a woman’s likelihood of making a suicide attempt
increased as the number of risk factors increased. Results revealed that attempters were
significantly more likely than nonattempters to report high levels of depressive symptoms,
hopelessness, drug abuse, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results from the cumulative
risk model revealed a linear association between the number of risk factors and the odds
of making a suicide attempt. Compared to women with no risk factors, women with two
risk factors, women with three risk factors, and women with four to five risk factors were
10, 25, and 107 times, respectively, more likely to attempt suicide. The identification of
risk variables highlights the importance of designing interventions to address these factors
in order to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in abused, African American women.
Keywords: African American; intimate partner violence; domestic violence; abuse; suicide
S
uicide was the 14th leading cause of death among females in 1998 (Web-based
Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, 2000). Although suicide is less preva-
lent among African American women than among Caucasian women, it still repre-
sents a significant public health problem for African American women. Among African
American women in 1998, suicide was the fifth leading cause of death among 15 to19 year
olds, the sixth leading cause of death among 20 to 24 year olds, and the ninth leading
cause of death among 10 to 14 and 25 to 34 year olds (Web-based Injury Statistics Query
and Reporting System, 2000).
A prior history of suicidal behavior is the most significant predictor of a suicide com-
pletion. Over their lifetimes, 10% to 15% of individuals attempting suicide eventually kill
themselves. Thus, identifying risk factors for suicide attempts can potentially reduce mor-
tality due to suicide completions.