Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Analysis
Volume 2013, Article ID 852727, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/852727
Research Article
On a Theorem of Khan in a Generalized Metric Space
Jamshaid Ahmad,
1
Muhammad Arshad,
2
and Calogero Vetro
3
1
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
2
Department of Mathematics, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
3
Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit` a degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 34, 90123 Palermo, Italy
Correspondence should be addressed to Calogero Vetro; cvetro@math.unipa.it
Received 25 August 2012; Revised 20 January 2013; Accepted 23 January 2013
Academic Editor: Ying Hu
Copyright © 2013 Jamshaid Ahmad et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Existence and uniqueness of ixed points are established for a mapping satisfying a contractive condition involving a rational
expression on a generalized metric space. Several particular cases and applications as well as some illustrative examples are given.
1. Introduction and Preliminaries
In the last decades, several attempts have been made in order
to generalize the concept of metric space, and many impor-
tant results have been reported. For instance, see quasi metric
spaces [1], generalized quasi metric spaces [2], pseudometric
spaces ([3], Chapter 2), approach spaces [4], -spaces [5],
inframetric spaces [6], and -metric spaces [7]. Sometimes,
as in [8, 9], even the very notion of generalized metric spaces
(or even gms [10]) is used, but it has a diferent meaning.
In 2000, Branciari [11] introduced the notion of generalized
metric space where the triangle inequality of a metric space
is replaced by a rectangular inequality involving four terms
instead of three. He also extended the Banach’s contraction
principle in such spaces. In 2008, Azam and Arshad [12]
obtained suicient conditions for existence of unique ixed
point of Kannan type mappings deined on generalized met-
ric spaces. Recently, Samet [13] and Sarma et al. [14] showed
that some propositions in [11] are not true. Moreover, in
[14], a rigorous and nice proof of the Banach’s contraction
principle is presented, by assuming that the generalized
metric space is Hausdorf. Aterwards, many authors studied
various existence theorems of ixed points in such spaces. For
more details about ixed point theory in generalized metric
spaces, we refer the reader to [13, 15–24].
On the other hand, in [25] Khan proved the following
ixed point theorem.
heorem 1. Let (,) be a complete metric space and let
be a self-mapping on that satisfies the following contractive
condition:
(,)≤
(,) (,)+(,)(,)
(,)+(,)
(1)
for all ,∈ and for some ∈[0,1). hen has a unique
fixed point in .
Remark 2. In (1) if the denominator vanishes, then =
and = and consequently also the numerator vanishes.
Moreover, we have (,) = (,), and so the contrac-
tive condition is not well deined.
he aim of this paper is to give a version of heorem 1 in
the setting of generalized metric spaces.
he following deinitions will be needed in the sequel.
Definition 3 (see [11]). Let be a nonempty set and let :
× → [0,+∞) be a mapping such that for all ,∈
and for all distinct points , V ∈, each of them diferent
from and , one has
(gm1) (,)=0 if and only if =,
(gm2) (,)=(,),
(gm3) (,)≤(,)+(, V)+(V,) (the rectangular
inequality).