1
Copyright ©2013 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. All rights reserved
ISABE-2013-1506
CFD REDESIGN OF MICRO GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR FOR BIO-FUELS FUELING
A. Cappelletti, A.M. Rizzo, D. Chiaramonti, F. Martelli
CREAR - Università degli Studi di Firenze
Via S. Marta, 3 – 50139 Firenze Italy
Abstract
Bio-fuels could be a interesting
possibility for small CHP plants
based on a Micro Gas Turbine (MGT).
The aim of this study is the CFD
redesign of a micro gas turbine
combustor to permit a stable
pyrolysis oil (PO) combustion. The
work needed to define a new
operative point to reduce the
modification on the gas turbine and
the using of original injector,
because the target fuel very
different than diesel mainly about
the viscosity and heating heat. The
redesign activity was based on the
support of CFD 3D RANS simulation.
In this work the main modeling
aspect was the using of a injection
model for liquid fuels and the
chemical kinetic aspects for the
bio-fuels. The combustion model is
based on mixture-fraction and the
equilibrium approach.
The activity started from the
analysis of the original diesel
fueled combustor that show a very
low temperature field, confirmed by
the high experimental CO emissions.
This situation wasn’t able to
permit a stable flame in pyrolysis
oil fueling.
The redesign approaches were many:
increase the equivalence ratio in
the primary and secondary zones for
the new operating point, reduction
of the cold zones and the
considering the higher combustion
time of the pyrolysis oil.
The new geometry was verified by
CFD, which confirmed the quality of
the design in fact in PO case the
combustion is stable.
A preliminary experimental activity
with diesel fueling shows very
lower CO emission than the original
case. This results demonstrate the
improved combustion, prerequisite
for the possibility of a good
pyrolysis oil combustion.
Nomenclature
k Turb. kinetic energy [m2/s2]
T Temperature [K]
V Velocity [m/s]
y+ y plus [-]
L length of combustor [m]
Greek
Φ Equivalence ratio [-]
ε Dissipation rate [s-1]
Abbreviation
AFR Air Fuel Ratio
PO Pyrolysis Oil
LCV Lower calorific value
MGT Micro Gas Turbine
PDF Probability density function
RANS Reynolds Averaged Navier-
Stokes
Introduction
In a reduction of fossil–fuel
dependence contest the PO fueling
could be a new opportunity for an
agriculture based economy [1],
because it makes the solid organic
waste more valuable. In fact it
permit the little farms to produce
own energy: thermal and electrical.