The Intersection of Race and Crime in Television
News Stories: An Experimental Study
MARK PEHLEY
Univers.fty of Ke-ntucky
TODD SHIELDS
University of Arkansas
BRUCE WILLIAMS
University of Illinois at Urbana-Charnp<.ign
Studies of media content consistently find that black criminal suspects are por-
trayed more frequently <11 1d more menacingly than white susptYts in television
news stories of violent crime. f-lere we in.restigate rhe impact ol such portrayals
on white viev .. 'crs' aliitudes by means of a video experiment in -..vhich we
manipulate only the visual imagf> of the race of the suspect in a tele\rision news
story uf violent .:rime. We fovnd, consistent with our expectations, that a
brief visual imnge ·Jf ar: Africi'l.n American rnJle suspect in a televised crime
:,tory was capable of activating racial stereotypes, which in turn henvily bi;1sed
evaluation:; of the suspect along <.JCia! lines. Thus, white participants in
our experiment who t>ndorscd negative stereotypes of African Americans viewed
the blJ.ck 5uspect in the crime story as guilty, more de5erving of
ment, more !il<ely to commit future violei'.ICf', and with more- fear and /c;athing
t/)an <l 5imilarly port.r:Jycd white suspect. In the conc:fusion of the article, we
discuss the implicatiom of our findings for the stur!y of rac.ial stercotyp.ing,
visual image:;, <1.nrl the intersection of race and crime in television r.ewscasts.
Keywords crime news, experimental resParch, race, stereotypes, viwc·l imagP.s
Race ancl crime ·intersect ir1 complex and often insidious ways in American politics.
In one of the most contrf.>versial events of the 1988 presidential campaign, for
e•G:1mple
1
the gk1wering im2ge of wePkend-furlough escapee and rapist Willie Hor-
ton, an African :\merican, was used by George Bush's supporters to inspir·2 a fedr
of crime and to portray Michael Dukalds's weakness in combating ,it. Based on her
anulys!s of focus group reactions to the 'vVHiie Horton advertisement (and the Bush
campaign'·, own "turnstile" spot), J;3.mieson {1992) concluded that the ads used video
anD aurlio segnwnts effectively to distort Dukuki::;'s record on crime a·1d to incite
not only a fear of crime but racial fears as welL
This rPsearch was partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation
{SESJU10043). Af'! earlier version of this article was presented .:1t the annual meeting of the
Midwest Political Science Association, April 14-16, 1994, Chicago, IL. The .:tuthors would
like to thank Chi Huung. Ellen Riggfe. and .. Pre5s For their advice a11d assist?.tnc-e.
309
Po!iticctf Corr-munica1ion, 13:309-327, 1996
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