22 English Journal 105.3 (2016): 22–28
Mary Amanda Stewart
I
his article details how
one teacher-researcher
developed a relationship
with a refugee student
through literacy activities.
Nurturing Caring
Relationships through
Five Simple Rules
to nurture relationships with all students in the
ELA classroom.
Importance of Relationships
with English Learners
Nel Noddings explains that caring relationships be-
tween the student and teacher should be the prime
goal of education. Students must feel that they are
more important and valuable to the teacher than the
subject matter. Establishing the relationship before
teaching, the teacher assumes the position that “I
am first and always one-caring” (175). Noddings
further asserts that students cannot effectively learn
until they feel cared for. Therefore, teachers should
first care for the students, then teach them even in
light of standards-based reforms.
Surely all students benefit from caring rela-
tionships with adults in educational environments,
but much research illustrates the high importance
for English Learners (ELs). High school ELs are
navigating adolescence while negotiating multiple
cultures and languages. Some high school ELs are
new to the country, perhaps coping with trauma,
and in the midst of learning a new language and
adjusting to a new life. Others have lived in the
United States many years yet struggle in the class-
room due to years of schooling that ignores their
language and culture. Moreover, ELs might be
more likely than mainstream students to face legal
issues, poverty, and academic struggles. Ironically,
these students need relationships with teachers the
most, yet due to language and culture differences
n my office I have a picture that
reminds me the priority is the peo-
ple we teach—not content, assess-
ments, or compliance. The picture
is of high school multilingual refugee students
holding our published anthology of writing. One
of these students is Camille. Surrounded by stu-
dents from Southeast Asia, she is the only one from
Africa. What most people notice is her clothing,
a traditional African dress and head covering of
bright blues and greens. However, what I notice
every time I look at the picture is her eyes—they
are not looking down, but are looking right at me,
the picture-taker, with pride as she holds the book
she coauthored.
During a summer program, the relationships
I developed with these students became the central
point of our learning, teaching, reading, and writ-
ing. These relationships might have been unlikely
given that we were separated by a chasm of cul-
tural, linguistic, experiential, and socioeconomic
differences. Yet, the relationships nurtured the stu-
dents’ remarkable literacy improvement—even for
Camille, an unlikely candidate.
After seeing the final product of the program,
the anthology, an administrator joked that I was a
fairy who sprinkled magical dust on the students
to get those results. But as I told him, I don’t
have magic—I just play by the rules: five “simple
rules” that set conditions for caring relationships to
emerge (Tytel and Holladay). These simple rules,
or guiding principles, mediated relationships with
students, particularly Camille, and might be used
Copyright © 2016 by the National Council of Teachers of English. All rights reserved.