1020
Research Article
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology
ISSN 2277 - 4106
© 2013 INPRESSCO. All Rights Reserved.
Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet
The Consumption of Firewood as an Energy Consumption among Households in
Kosovo and its Environment Implications
Bujar Pira
a
, Ibrahim Cunaku
a
, Ylber Limani
b
and Agron Bajraktari
a*
a
University of Prishtina, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Mother Teresa Str. 10000 Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
b
University for Business and Technology, Emshir, 10000 Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
Accepted 05 August 2013, Available online 10 August, Vol.3, No.3 (August 2013)
Abstract
Energy consumption research in household is very complicated since households in Kosovo use various energy sources
for many purposes. Furthermore, the energy consumption has become even This high preference of usage of firewood in
households, which is continuously increasing, will have more unpredicted by the fact that Kosovo is has a very high
unemployment rate (highest in Europe), very high electricity prices, which for most of the Kosovar households
unmanageable financially as a result of low average salary, which complicates issues further. This paper will try to show
the quantity and quality, respectively the efficiency of energy consumption in Kosovo separated in different types of
energy sources. Although all energy consumption sources will be analysed, more attention will be paid to the firewood
consumption for various reasons but mainly financial since for some households wood from their own forests or even
public forests is free, even though wood logging is illegal without permission in Kosovo. Furthermore, the paper will
analyse living conditions, quality of construction with regards the absorptive material or energy insulated, house
equipments or energy consumption sources, varieties of heating appliances that are used in household, and finally some
basic information that are linked with the efficiency of energy consumption, the level of efficiency measures used in
Kosovo households as well their future plans regarding energy efficiency.
Keywords: Energy, Kosovo, households, consumption, firewood
1. Introduction
1
Over the last ten years Kosovo has had a rocky ride with
regards to available energy, in particular electrical energy.
Kosovo of its 11,000km
2
, 43% of it is forest. From about
half million hectares of Kosovo’s forests 60% is public
and 40% is private owned forest (FAO, 2003).
Human Development Report on Energy for
Development (UNDP Kosovo 2007) has identified
firewood as the main source of heating by 80 percent of
households surveyed for this report, with electric heating
being the main source for 12 per cent. According to
UNDP, there is only a small difference in the relative use
of electricity and firewood between urban and rural
households.
Also, in some rural parts of Kosovo, as a result of
restriction of electrical energy and numerous breakdowns
on both power plants and distribution network, there were
times when households and businesses were more without
electricity then they were with. On addition to this and
with high fuel prices people turned to the consumption of
firewood for both heating and households cooking as well.
huge consequences to the environment in Kosovo. The
*Corresponding author: Agron Bajraktari, Phone: +37745999666
wood used from the Kosovo forests is much more than
what is allowed, thus, if it continues at the current
consumption rate, Kosovo could have no forests in the
future (Pira et al., 2011).
2. Methodology
In 2009 Riinvest Institute has conducted a comprehensive
survey with all sectors of economy in Kosovo about
overall energy consumption. The study was conducted
with all five sectors of Kosovar economy: household,
industry, agriculture, transport and services. All sectors
were interviewed separately and apart from the industry
sector, which the whole sector was interviewed, all other
sectors we interviewed using samples.
All alternatives to the data collection were analysed
and interpersonal, “face-to-face”, interviews have been
selected as the best methods in collection of quantitative
energy consumption data.
For the purpose of the households sector, initial
analyses were done to determine that there have been
similar surveys done on the energy consumption and
firewood in particular. In addition, regional and
experiences from developing countries were conducted to