Research Article
Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in
a Developing Country
A. Ahsan,
1,2
M. Alamgir,
3
M. M. El-Sergany,
4
S. Shams,
5
M. K. Rowshon,
6
and N. N. Nik Daud
1
1
Department of Civil Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Materials Processing & Technology Lab, Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM),
43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 920300, Bangladesh
4
e-School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohamed Electronic University, P.O. Box 71400 Dubai, UAE
5
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Institut Teknologi Brunei,
Bandar Seri Begawan BS8675, Brunei Darussalam
6
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Correspondence should be addressed to A. Ahsan; ashikcivil@yahoo.com
Received 4 October 2013; Accepted 20 January 2014; Published 27 March 2014
Academic Editors: M. W. Bo and L. Mai
Copyright © 2014 A. Ahsan et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
his study represents a few basic steps of municipal solid waste management practiced in the six major cities of Bangladesh, namely,
Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Barisal, and Sylhet. A six-month ield study was conducted to identify the solid wastes
management steps such as storage at source, separation, on-site storage, collection, transportation, treatment, reuse, recycling, and
ultimate disposal. his study addresses the role of the city authority to meet the demand of the city dwellers in solving this emerging
socioenvironmental issue and the initiatives taken by some nongovernmental organizations and community based organizations.
he problems and constraints of the solid wastes management system are also identiied to ind a sustainable management concept
for the urban areas of Bangladesh.
1. Introduction
During the last few decades, the problems associated with
municipal solid waste (MSW) management have acquired
an alarming dimension in the developing countries. High
population growth rate and increase of economic activities
in the urban areas of developing countries combined with
the lack of training in modern solid waste management
practices complicate the eforts to improve the solid waste
management services. In developing countries, the per capita
generation of the solid wastes in urban residential areas is
much less compared with the developed countries; however
the capacity of the developing countries to collect, process,
dispose, or reuse the solid wastes in a cost efective man-
ner is signiicantly limited compared with the developed
countries [1]. he wastes generated by human settlements
and the associated problems are similar in the developing
nations with variances between regions and locations based
on geographic, sociocultural, industrial, infrastructural, legal,
and environmental factors [2].
In Bangladesh, like in most developing countries, the
solid waste management has so far been ignored and least
studied environmental issues. Recently the concerned stake-
holders have begun to consider this area to be an essential
component to protect human health and nature. he urban
population in Bangladesh has increased at a very steep rate
of about 6% per year and concentrated mostly in six major
cities, namely, Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Barisal,
and Sylhet. Current estimations showed that about 13% of
total population and 55 to 60% of total urban population are
living in these cities [3]. In these cities, the city authority,
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community based
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Chinese Journal of Engineering
Volume 2014, Article ID 561935, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/561935