Branding Behavior in the Danish Food Industry
Derek Baker
Production and Technology Division, Danish Research Institute of Food
Economics, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
Kenneth Baltzer
International Economics and Policy Division, Danish Research Institute of
Food Economics, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen,
Denmark
Anja Skadkær Møller
Production and Technology Division, Danish Research Institute of Food
Economics, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
ABSTRACT
Cross-sectional data from a survey of Danish firms are used to examine branding behavior in 2002
and its change between 1997 and 2002+ Summary data from the survey are presented+ Branding
behavior is defined and relevant literature is reviewed+ Based on hypotheses developed from this
literature and supporting features of the Danish food marketing chain, six econometric models are
specified+ Specification accounts for dependent variables’ characteristics ~count and fractional data,
and truncated samples!+ Missing values are replaced using Griliches’ method ~Griliches, 1986!+
Large firms are found to own and introduce the most brands, although few associations with the
commodity sector are identified+ Firms’ use of retail brands is found to substitute for brand intro-
duction in the long run and to increase with ownership by retail firms+ Conclusions are drawn
regarding the strategic stance of retailers in the Danish food system and its employment of retailers’
own-label brands+ @ECONLIT Classifications: Q120; Q130; L190#+ © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc+
1. INTRODUCTION
Brands are information signals about a product, a group of products, or a firm that dis-
tinguish the product from others+ The benefits of branding include improved market seg-
mentation, increased consumer loyalty , increased repeat business, ease of new product
introduction, and improved corporate image ~ Beierlein & Woolverton, 1991!+ For the
purposes of this article, we define branding behavior as the choices made by firms as to
the number of brands to own and introduce, and the decisions associated with manufac-
turing retailers’ own-label brands+ In the current article we address the lack of research
into Danish firms’ branding behavior + Its objectives are to identify relationships between
their branding behavior and their commercial features and activities, and to apply this
knowledge to issues of Danish food industry development+ To do this, we review litera-
ture from a range of sources to formulate research hypotheses, and use recent firm-level
Danish data to test them+
Agribusiness, Vol. 22 (1) 31–49 (2006) © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/agr.20077
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