INCIDENCE OF EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA IN
ADOLESCENT ATHLETES UNDER DIFFERENT
TRAINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
MARIA P. SIDIROPOULOU,
1
DIMITRIOS G. KOKARIDAS,
2
PARASKEVI F. GIAGAZOGLOU,
3
MICHALIS I. KARADONAS,
1
AND ELENI G. FOTIADOU
1
1
Laboratory of Developmental Medicine and Special Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki, Greece;
2
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Trikala, University of Thessaly,
Greece; and
3
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
ABSTRACT
Sidiropoulou, MP, Kokaridas, DG, Giagazoglou, PF, Karadonas, MI,
and Fotiadou, EG. Incidence of exercise-induced asthma in adoles-
cent athletes under different training and environmental conditions.
J Strength Cond Res 26(6): 1644–1650, 2012—Different sports
and environmental conditions are known to influence exercise-
induced asthma (EIA). The aim of this study was to establish if there
were differences in the incidence of exercise-induced broncho-
spasm between athletes in different sports, which take place under
different environmental conditions such as open places, closed
courses, and swimming pools with similar exercise intensity
(football, basketball, water polo) using the free running test. The
study included 90 adolescents (3 groups of 30) aged 14–18 years
recruited from academies in northern Greece. All the participants
were initially subjected to (a) a clinical examination and
cardiorespiratory assessment by a physician and (b) free running
test of a 6-minute duration and measurement with a micro-
spirometer of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV
1
). Only
the participants who had measured a decrease in FEV
1
$ 10%
were reevaluated with the microspirometer during a training
session. The examination of all the participants during the free
running test showed that 22 athletes, that is, 9, 8, and 5 of football,
basketball, and water polo athletes, respectively, demonstrated an
FEV
1
$ 10 drop. Reevaluation of the 22 participants during training
showed that 5 out 9 (55%) football athletes, 4 out of 8 basketball
athletes (50%), and none of the 5 athletes of the water polo team
displayed a drop of FEV
1
$ 10%. Despite the absence of any
significant statistical differences between the 3 groups, the
analysis of variances did show a trend of a lower incidence of
EIA in the water polo athletes. It was found that a football or
basketball game can induce EIA in young athletes but to a lesser
degree than the free running test can induce. The water polo can
be a safer sport even for participants with a medical history of
asthma or allergies.
KEY WORDS free running test, sports, activity, bronchospasm,
exercise intensity
INTRODUCTION
A
frequent triggering factor of asthmatic episodes
even in the case of individuals who exercise
regularly is the stimulus of exercise itself or its
sudden interruption (16). In fact, many individ-
uals, especially children, exhibit bronchial reaction to
exercise without any history of asthma or other symptoms,
with exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) as the sole
manifestation (23).
Prompt diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is of
great importance in the case of children and young adults
exercising in school and sport settings, because the
occurrence of dyspnea, shortness of breath, and chest
tightness symptoms during exercise is usually attributed to
poor levels of physical condition instead of the true
underlying cause, which in turn results in the lack of
treatment and problem maintenance (6,16,19). In fact, studies
have shown that certain environmental conditions related to
temperature and humidity conditions according to sport can
affect EIA occurrence (8,9,11,13,30). On the other hand,
although physical activity can generate EIA incidence, it also
constitutes one of the most effective ways of confronting such
conditions because improvement of physical condition
through exercise helps each individual to tolerate stimulus
of exercise and increase his or her defense against breathing
difficulty symptoms (16,30).
Diagnosis of EIA is achieved by surveying the history and
conducting test trials, and this includes either the free running
test or treadmill and cycle ergometer use in laboratory
settings. In general, the free running test is considered as
a reliable and validated test for the diagnosis and evaluation of
Address correspondence to Maria P. Sidiropoulou, sidiropo@phed.
auth.gr.
26(6)/1644–1650
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Ó 2012 National Strength and Conditioning Association
1644 Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
the TM
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