Atmospheric Environment 42 (2008) 3510–3527 MICS-Asia II: Model intercomparison and evaluation of particulate sulfate, nitrate and ammonium Hiroshi Hayami a,Ã , T. Sakurai b , Z. Han b , H. Ueda c , G.R. Carmichael d , D. Streets e , T. Holloway f , Z. Wang g , N. Thongboonchoo d , M. Engardt h , C. Bennet h , C. Fung i , A. Chang i , S.U. Park j , M. Kajino c , K. Sartelet k , K. Matsuda l , M. Amann m a Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan b Acid Deposition and Oxidant Research Center, Niigata 950-2144, Japan c Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan d Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA 52242, USA e Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA f The University of Wisconsin-Madison, New York, NY 10027, USA g Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing 100029, China h Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 601 76 Norrkoping, Sweden i Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR, China j Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea k Centre d’Enseignement et de Recherche Eau, Ville, Environnement, 6 et 8, avenue Blaise Pascal, Cite Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallee Cedex 2, France l Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino City, Tokyo 191-8506, Japan m International Institute for Applied System Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Received 23 March 2007; received in revised form 30 August 2007; accepted 30 August 2007 Abstract Eight chemical transport models participate in a model intercomparison study for East Asia, MICS-Asia II. This paper analyzes calculated results for particulate matter of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium through comparisons with each other and with monthly measurements at EANET (the acid deposition monitoring network in East Asia) and daily measurements at Fukue, Japan. To the EANET measurements, model ensemble means better agree with model individual results for sulfate and total ammonium, although total nitrate is consistently and considerably underestimated. To measurements at Fukue, the models show better agreement than for the EANET measurements. This is likely because Fukue is centered in many of the model domains, whereas the EANET stations are mostly in Southeast Asia and Russia. Moreover, it would be important that Fukue is in Northeast Asia, where the emission inventory is more reliable than Southeast Asia. ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv 1352-2310/$ - see front matter r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.057 Ã Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 4 7182 1181; fax: +81 4 7183 2966. E-mail addresses: haya@criepi.denken.or.jp (H. Hayami), sakurai@adorc.gr.jp (T. Sakurai), han@adorc.gr.jp (Z. Han), ueda@storm.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp (H. Ueda), gcarmich@icaen.uiowa.edu (G.R. Carmichael), dstreets@anl.gov (D. Streets), taholloway@wisc.edu (T. Holloway), zifawang@mail.iap.ac.cn (Z. Wang), nthongbo@cgrer.uiowa.edu (N. Thongboonchoo), magnuz.engardt@smhi.se (M. Engardt), Cecilia.Bennet@smhi.se (C. Bennet), cfung@epd.gov.hk (C. Fung), alick@epd.gov.hk (A. Chang), supark@snu.ac.kr (S.U. Park), mimizuo@storm.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp (M. Kajino), sartelet@cereve.enpc.fr (K. Sartelet), matsuda@adorc.gr.jp, matsuda@es.meisei-u.ac.jp (K. Matsuda), amann@iiasa.ac.at (M. Amann).