Zeitschrift für
Physikalische
Chemie Neue Folge,
Bd. 152, S. 171-182 (1987)
© by R. Oldenbourg Verlag,
München 1987
0044-3336/87 $3.00 + 0.00
Investigation
of Acidic
Properties
of Zeolites
by
MAS NMR*
By
D. Freude, M.
Hunger
and H. Pfeifer
Sektion
Physik
der Karl-Marx-Universität
Leipzig, DDR-7010
Leipzig,
German Democratic
Republic
(Received July 22, 1986)
-MAS NMR
/
"AI-MAS NMR
/
Zeolites
/
Bronsted
acidity
Proton magic angle spinning
nuclear
magnetic resonance has been
applied
to
study
hydroxyl groups
in
hydrogen
zeolites of
ZSM-5,
mordenite and
faujasite type. Five
different lines can be resolved in the -MAS NMR spectra of these
samples.
The
signals
of the non-acidic
hydroxyl groups
contain information about structure defects
in the zeolites. The Bronsted
acidity
of the
samples
can be described
by
the
signals
of
bridging OH
groups.
The two
signals
observed in zeolites HY are correlated with the so-
called
high
and low
frequency
bands in infrared
spectroscopy. The value of the chemical
shift of the isolated acidic
hydroxyl groups
is a measure of their
strength
of
acidity
and
increases with the
Si/Al
ratio for
faujasites
but remains constant above
Si/Al
a; 10.
The
accessibility
of OH groups
could be
proved by
their interaction with deuterated
Pyridine causing a line shift of the proton resonance. A reammoniation of the zeolites
gives
rise to an increase of the
intensity
of the ammonium line and a decrease of the line
of the acidic
hydroxyl groups proving
that all
bridging OH groups
can be reammoniated.
Combining
and 27A1-MAS NMR the
hydrothermal dealumination
process
in
hydrogen
zeolites was studied. No exception
could be found for the rule: The number of
bridging hydroxyl
groups
is
equal
to the number of fourfold coordinated framework
aluminium atoms. An additional line in the -MAS NMR spectrum due to OH groups
associated with non-framework aluminium
appears only
in the case of strong
hydrothermal
dealumination. The
Si/Al
ratio in the zeolite framework is determined
by
means of "Al-MAS NMR. Three types
of non-framework aluminium atoms can be
distinguished.
^-MAS NMR-Messungen
an
Hydroxylgruppen
in den -Formen der Zeolithe erlauben
Aussagen
sowohl über Zahl und Stärke azider Brönsted-Zentren als auch über Struktur-
defekte, an denen
Silanolgruppen
entstehen. Es wird am
Beispiel
verschiedener Zeolithe
gezeigt,
daß die NMR durch
Anwendung
der schnellen Rotation um den
magischen
Winkel im hohen
Magnetfeld
eine mit der
Infrarotspektroskopie vergleichbare Auflösung
*
Presented as a
Plenary
Lecture at the IV. International
Symposium
on Magnetic
Resonance in Colloid and Interface
Science, Münster, FRG, July 21
—25,
1986.
429