Pain Studies and Treatment, 2015, 3, 38-45
Published Online October 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/pst
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pst.2015.34005
How to cite this paper: Skaer, T.L. (2015) Research Findings Using Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Chronic Pain. Pain
Studies and Treatment, 3, 38-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/pst.2015.34005
Research Findings Using Mindfulness-Based
Interventions for Chronic Pain
Tracy L. Skaer
Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy, Pullman, WA, USA
Email: tskaer@wsu.edu
Received 8 September 2015; accepted 12 October 2015; published 15 October 2015
Copyright © 2015 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex condition that is very detrimental to physical and psychological wellbe-
ing. It carries a significant level of disability and economic burden. Pain patients frequently expe-
rience comorbid mental illness (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD, insomnia) and often require psy-
chotherapeutic interventions in addition to medication management. Mindfulness-based inter-
ventions (MBIs) have emerged as a means to treat several chronic conditions (e.g. chronic pain,
depression, anxiety, substance abuse, stress, insomnia). The objective of this review is to evaluate
the current research on the use of MBIs in chronic pain managment. Although there are several
controlled trials on the use of MBIs in chronic pain management, only a few studies were found
that demonstrated significant effects on pain intensity, quality of life, as well as physical and psy-
chological functioning. Therefore, the current evidence is mixed and there are insufficient data to
definitively confirm the full impact of the use of MBIs in chronic pain conditions such as fibro-
myalgia, chronic low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The lack
of compelling evidence at this time signals a demand for higher quality investigations in this area.
Research examining MBIs and concomitant CBT may be of great value in order to synergize and
strengthen patient outcomes.
Keywords
Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Low Back Pain, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction,
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, Psychiatric
Comorbidities
1. Introduction
Chronic pain results in significant economic, societal and health burdens. It is the leading cause of long-term
disability, affects over 100 million people in the US, and accounts for $635 billion annually in direct and indi-