American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (12): 1478-1486, 2014 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.12.12484 Corresponding Author: Muhammad Zahir Ahsan, Central Cotton Research Institute Sakrand, Benzirabad (Nawabshah), Sindh, Pakistan. 1478 Regeneration of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Through Asexual Methods, A Review Muhammad Zahir Ahsan, Muhammad Saffar Majidano, 1 1 Abdul Razzaque Channa, Faiz Hussain Panhwar, Abdul Wahab Soomro, 1 1 1 Fakhar Imam Khaskheli and Kashif Rashid 2 3 Plant Breeding Section, Central Cotton Research Institute Sakrand, Benzirabad Sindh, Pakistan 1 Plant Pathology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute Sakrand, Benzirabad Sindh, Pakistan 2 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 3 Abstract: Cotton being a major cash and oil crop has a significant role in the industry and economy of the Pakistan so improved cultivars of the upland cotton is the main focus of the plant breeders. In tissue culture new plants have been developed from different sources like hypocotyls, cotyledon, root, anther of various species but efficient in vitro techniques are limited in cotton as compared to other major crops. Factors affecting the tissue culture response in Gossypium are genotype, donor plant, growth regulators, type of sugar, culture medium, temperature and subculture timing. The basic pH formulation is suitable to obtain the vigorous callus, it is also observed that the specificity of the culture medium influence the callus initiation and growth. There is a large difference in the ability to form callus between the different genotypes of the cotton, Coker was the 1st genotype that show the callus initiation and regeneration. Key words: Cotton Stem Culture Ovule Culture Protoplast Culture Somatic Hybridization INTRODUCTION The first significant work in cotton callogenesis was Cotton is a major cash and oil crop of Pakistan. It has from ovule. Three years later, cotyledon achieved the given a big boost to the economy and agricultural induction of callogenesis from cotton [15]. Since then, industry. Up to 70 % domestic edible oil production is comprehensive studies are conducted on callogenesis also produced by cotton. Cotton is considered recalcitrant from several cultivars using various explants, to In vitro proliferation [1]. Somatic embryogenesis and growth regulator combinations and carbohydrate source plant regeneration has been reported from hypocotyls [2,13,16-18]. [2-4], but the response is highly genotype dependant [5-7]. Cotton plants are very limited in their regeneration Regeneration of Cotton: Plant tissue culture is a method In vitro from callus, protoplast or leaf tissues. This of culturing isolated plant organs, tissues, cells and widespread problem presently restricts improvement of protoplasts in an artificial medium to regenerate into a new the few potential commercial genotypes through genetic plant, which includes somatic cell culture, protoplast engineering [8, 9]. Development of tissue culture culture and somatic hybridization, shoot tip culture and protocols to induce efficient proliferation in a genotype anther or pollen culture [19]. Cotton tissue culture is the independent manner is desirable for genetic basis of cotton genetic engineering and plant transformation of cotton. The methods of producing regeneration is the first and the most important step in somatic cell hybrids have opened up exciting possibilities genetic improvement. An efficient regeneration system is for genetic studies concerning the development of a prerequisite for genetic transformation of plants [6]. improved agricultural varieties [2,10-13]. Cotton tissue and somatic culture has developed rapidly reported by Beasly [14], who successfully induced callus