165
Marine Technology and Engineering – Guedes Soares et al. (Eds)
© 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-69808-5
High resolution wave model simulations in the Portuguese nearshore
Eugen Rusu, Marta Gonçalves & C. Guedes Soares
Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico,
Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
ABSTRACT: The performance of state of the art coastal wave models in the Portuguese nearshore are
evaluated in the present work. This includes first the phase average coastal models, STWAVE and SWAN,
and on the other hand the phase resolving models REFDIF and FUNWAVE. Some previous works that
were carried out to implement and validate the above models are first outlined. This is followed by a brief
description of the theoretical background of the wave models considered. The first field of experiments
considered is Pinheiro da Cruz beach south of Lisbon characterized by smooth bathymetric contours.
At this level the emphasis was put on performing comparisons in spatial frames concerning the field
distributions of the main wave parameters provided by STWAVE and SWAN. The second target area
considered is close to the Portuguese city Figueira da Foz almost equally distanced between Lisbon and
Porto. In this location the bathymetry is rather irregular. Comparisons in the time domain are carried out
in this area for a three-month period between December 1993 and February 1994. The third target area
is a coastal sector located in the central part of the Portuguese continental nearshore, south of the city
Figueira da Foz. Simulations with the models FUNWAVE and REFDIF1 were performed in parallel.
The present work gives relevant information concerning the performances of different high resolution
wave models as well as on the accuracy of their results in different coastal environments and for various
forcing conditions.
wave-current interactions and consistent results
are presented in Rusu and Guedes Soares (2008b
and 2011) and in Rusu et al (2011b) and assess-
ment of the wave energy resources in the Portu-
guese coastal environment as presented in Rusu
and Guedes Soares (2008b and 2009). The same
wave prediction system was implemented with very
good results also in the Archipelago of Madeira as
reported by Rusu et al (2008 a and b).
As a continuation of the efforts carried out up
to now to develop a reliable wave prediction system
based on numerical models, the objective of the
present work is to implement and compare high
resolution computational tools that may constitute
the final extension of this system and that are able
to assess properly the local effects that usually
occur in the coastal areas due to the bathymetric
particularities or some other particular factors.
Beside high resolution simulations with spectral
phase averaged models STWAVE (Smith et al., 2001)
and SWAN, two other wave models are considered
in the present work. These are the phase resolving
models REFDIF1 (Refraction-Diffraction
Wave Model, Kirby and Dalrymple 1994) and
FUNWAVE (Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq Wave
Model, Kirby et al., 1998), which are more appro-
priate for high resolution wave simulations in
the coastal environment, where usually the wave
1 INTRODUCTION
The work of establishing a comprehensive wave
prediction system for Portugal has started with
simple models and the moved into an implemen-
tation of the WAM model (acronym from Wave
Modelling, WAMDI Group, 1988) covering the
whole North Atlantic. This was expanded into
coastal areas by using the SWAN model (acronym
for Simulating Waves Nearshore, Booij et al. 1999),
as reviewed in Rusu et al (2011). This paper deals
with the next level of detail of the system which
includes the use of high resolution models in
shallow waters and harbours.
The implementation calibration and further
development of this system is described first in
Rusu et al (2005a and b). Extended hindcast stud-
ies have been carried out, as reviewed in Guedes
Soares (2008), Rusu et al (2008d), and also sensitiv-
ity tests related to the influence of the resolution
and accuracy of the wind field in the wave model
performances as discussed in Ponce de León and
Guedes Soares (2008) and Rusu et al (2008e and
2009) works that represent the prerequisite for
the operational wave prediction system based on
numerical models described in Guedes Soares
et al (2011). Some other important issues studied
using the above modelling system are related to the