Research Article The Differential Proteome of the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Grown on the Potential Prebiotic Cellobiose Shows Upregulation of Two -Glycoside Hydrolases Gabriella C. van Zanten, 1,2 Nadja Sparding, 2 Avishek Majumder, 2 Sampo J. Lahtinen, 3 Birte Svensson, 2 and Susanne Jacobsen 2 1 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark 2 Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltots Plads, Building 224, 2800 Kongens Lyngb, Denmark 3 DuPont Nutrition and Health, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland Correspondence should be addressed to Birte Svensson; bis@bio.dtu.dk Received 16 July 2014; Revised 22 September 2014; Accepted 23 September 2014 Academic Editor: Borja S´ anchez Copyright © 2015 Gabriella C. van Zanten et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Probiotics, prebiotics, and combinations thereof, that is, synbiotics, are known to exert beneicial health efects in humans; however interactions between pro- and prebiotics remain poorly understood at the molecular level. he present study describes changes in abundance of diferent proteins of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) when grown on the potential prebiotic cellobiose as compared to glucose. Cytosolic cell extract proteomes ater harvest at late exponential phase of NCFM grown on cellobiose or glucose were analyzed by two dimensional diference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) in the acidic (pH 4–7) and the alkaline (pH 6–11) regions showing a total of 136 spots to change in abundance. Proteins were identiied by MS or MS/MS from 81 of these spots representing 49 unique proteins and either increasing 1.5–13.9-fold or decreasing 1.5–7.8-fold in relative abundance. Many of these proteins were associated with energy metabolism, including the cellobiose related glycoside hydrolases phospho--glucosidase (LBA0881) and phospho--galactosidase II (LBA0726). he data provide insight into the utilization of the candidate prebiotic cellobiose by the probiotic bacterium NCFM. Several of the upregulated or downregulated identiied proteins associated with utilization of cellobiose indicate the presence of carbon catabolite repression and regulation of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Dedicated to Susanne Jacobsen who sadly has passed away 1. Background Probiotics are deined as “live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health beneit on the host” [1]. Reported beneicial efects include prevention and reduced severity of respiratory infections [2], modulation of immune responses [3], diminished symptoms of irritable bowel disease [4], and a remedy against antibiotic-associated [4] and infectious diarrhea [5]. Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) is a low GC ratio (38.4%), Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium with well-documented probiotic efects [6]. NCFM has a genome of 2.0 Mb with 1,864 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) including diferent genes and gene loci involved in carbohydrate metabolism [7]. Furthermore, a large number of identiied proteins are dedicated to energy metabolism [8]. Noticeably, cDNA microarray analyses of Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 347216, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/347216