Meccanica (2006) 41:501–508
DOI 10.1007/s11012-006-0007-6
Pulsatile pipe flow of pseudoplastic fluids
Irene Daprà · Giambattista Scarpi
Received: 2 July 2005 / Accepted: 23 January 2006 / Published online: 6 October 2006
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006
Abstract This note is concerned with a laminar pipe
flow of a non-Newtonian fluid under the action of a
small pulsating pressure gradient superposed to a steady
one. The constitutive law describing the rheological
behaviour of the fluid is the so-called power law (Ost-
wald–de Waele). An approximated analytical solution
is found for the velocity, as power series of the ampli-
tude of the periodic disturbance. The analytic solution
is compared with a direct numerical solution and the
perfect accord of the values obtained is underscored.
Keywords Ostwald–de Waele fluid · Pulsatile pipe
flow · Power law · Fluid mechanics
Introduction
This paper deals with the unsteady flow of a non-
Newtonian fluid in a pipe: the problem has been faced
by many authors even recently. The motion generated
superposing a small periodical variation to a constant
pressure gradient has acquired also technical and prac-
tical uses, because it allows the growth of the rate of
flow with a limited increase of power. The non-linear-
ity of the constitutive equation of pseudoplastic fluids
I. Daprà (B ) · G. Scarpi
DISTART Idraulica, University of Bologna,
via Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
e-mail: irene.dapra@mail.ing.unibo.it
makes the variation of the discharge during the phase
of increase of the pressure gradient exceed the decrease
occurring when it falls.
The unsteady pipe flow of a non Newtonian fluid has
been studied in the past either for numerical calculation
purposes or analytically. Proposed numerical solutions
include those of Balmer and Fiorina [1] and of Warsi
[2] which study the start-up and the pulsatile flow of a
power-law fluid in a circular tube using an implicit finite
difference method: our analytical solution is coherent
with the numerical results of Warsi. Adusumilli and Hill
[3] use explicit finite difference technique to investigate
some unsteady flows of a truncated power law fluid in
a pipe; Pontrelli [4] studies the pulsatile flow in a tube
using three different models to simulate the rheologi-
cal behaviour of the blood, applying an implicit finite
difference method. Edwards et al. [5] use an explicit
finite difference scheme to derive velocity profiles for
a power law fluid in some unsteady laminar flows, Mai
and Davis [6] study numerically a pulsatile flow of a
two-phase fluid in a pipe. Ramkissoon [7] uses an Old-
royd model to analyse analytically some unsteady axial
flows. Fewer analytical papers include an early one of
Rajagopal [8] who gives an exact solution for pulsatile
flow of a second grade fluids; Pascal [9] obtains the
solution to some unsteady flows (Stokes’s first prob-
lem, Couette flow) for a power law fluid; Fetecau [10]
gives an exact analytical solution for transient flows of
an Oldroyd-B fluid in pipe-like domains; Fetecau and
Fetecau [11] give an exact solution for unsteady flow
of a second grade fluid which can be regarded as an