CONCEPTUALIZING LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES IN AFRICAN CITIES: PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IMPLICATIONS OF MULTIPLE LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES Francis Owusu Department of Community & Regional Planning Iowa State University 126 College of Design Ames, IA 50011-3095 Phone: 515-294-7769 Fax: 515-294-4015 Email: fowusu@iastate.edu The author wishes to acknowledge insightful comments on earlier versions of this paper by Kefa Otiso, Kobena Hanson, Elizabeth Aseidu, Henry Owusu, Ian Yeboah, and Agnes Odinga.