International Journal of Composite Materials 2014, 4(3): 162-167
DOI: 10.5923/j.cmaterials.20140403.02
Screw Pullout Strength in Particleboards Manufactured
with Waste of Eucalyptus grandis Wood Specie and
Oat Hulls
Amós M. de Souza
1
, Luciano D. Varanda
1
, Fabiane S. Ferro
1
, André L. Christoforo
2,*
,
Felipe H. Icimoto
1
, Diego H. Almeida
3
, Francisco A. Rocco Lahr
4
1
Department of Materials Engineering, Engineering School of São Carlos (EESC/USP), São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil
2
Centre for Innovation and Technology in Composites – CITeC, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São
Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
3
Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Department of Civil Engineering, Poços de Caldas Campus, Poços de Caldas,
37701-355, Brazil
4
Department of Structural Engineering, Engineering School of São Carlos (EESC/USP), São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil
Abstract Eucalyptus wood species are usually found in rural constructions, civil construction, furniture and utensils,
among other applications. The processing of Eucalyptus wood, which follows policies of reforestation in Brazil, generates a
lot of waste, as the case of the oat hulls, which constitutes an aggravating to the environment, causing environmental impacts,
which motivates the development of applications that make use of these residues, such as the case of particleboards. Among
the mechanical properties commonly investigated in the characterization of the particleboards, there is the strength to screw
pullout, which evaluates the bond strength of the manufactured materials. This research aimed to produce particleboards, in
laboratory scale, using Eucalyptus grandis wood particles (proportions 0, 70, 85 e 100%); oat hulls particles (proportions 0,
14, 30 and 100%), both with controlled size distribution; castor oil based polyurethane resin (10, 12 and 14%, related to solid
mass). These panels were evaluated concerning to pullout strength of screws (AP), from face and edge. Particle size
distribution: 70 to 75% of these were found in interval ranging between 0.595 to 1.190 mm (16 to 30 mesh). Apparent density
of Eucalyptus grandis and oat hulls were 0.64 and 0.29 g/cm
3
, respectively. All panels were classified as high density (greater
than 800 kg/m
3
). Compression ratio of the panels showed range from 1.25 to 3.48, remaining above the level usually
recommended in literature (1.3 to 1.6), but similar to other related studies. Values of pullout strength of screws (face) met the
requirements of Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 14810:2006, for three of the twelve experimental conditions evaluated, and
of pullout screw (edge), all panels met the cited requirements.
Keywords Particleboard, Strength to pullout, Eucalyptus wood specie
1. Introduction
Wood is a versatile, durable and renewable material, but
has variations in their chemical, physical and anatomical
compositions that can occur between species and within
species. So some wood uses may be limited by dimensions,
anisotropy and defects of the tree [1]. To minimize these
limitations, wood based products, whose properties are
significantly different from solid wood, emerged. Among
these several kinds of panels can be mentioned, once show a
interesting alternative to lumber for various applications [2].
Particleboard panels (now called medium density
particleboards – MDP) were developed in Germany in the
* Corresponding author:
alchristoforo@yahoo.com.br (André L. Christoforo)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/cmaterials
Copyright © 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
early 1940s. At the time, particleboards got importance due
to the difficulty of obtaining compatible quality wood for
plywood production, considering the isolation of Germany
during World War II [3].
Iwakiri [3] defines particleboards as panels made of wood
particles, incorporated with a synthetic adhesive, a random
matrix reconstituted and consolidated by applying heat and
pressure in the press hot.
Other lignocellulosic materials may also be used in the
particleboards manufacturing, such as the industrial and
agro-industrial residues. Currently, with the growing search
for sustainable products, various researches are performed
aiming at the recovery of wastes. Among then, those
generated by agricultural industries presents great potential
in the production of this kind of panel, as observed by
Ciannamea [4] and Kwon [5].
In Brazil, agro-industrial residues are available in large
volume and have significant potential for employment [6]. In