Research Article A Descriptive Study of Nosocomial Infections in an Adult Intensive Care Unit in Fiji: 2011-12 Keshni Naidu, 1 Ilisapeci Nabose, 2 Sharan Ram, 1 Kerri Viney, 3,4 Stephen M. Graham, 5,6 and Karen Bissell 5,7 1 College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji 2 Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji 3 Public Health Division, Secretariat of the Paciic Community, Noumea, New Caledonia 4 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 5 International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France 6 Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 7 he University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Correspondence should be addressed to Keshni Naidu; keshni78@gmail.com Received 26 June 2014; Accepted 25 August 2014; Published 17 September 2014 Academic Editor: Peter Leggat Copyright © 2014 Keshni Naidu et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit (ICU) are common and associated with a high mortality but there are no published data from the Oceania region. A retrospective study in Fiji’s largest ICU (2011-12) reported that 114 of a total 663 adult ICU admissions had bacteriological culture-conirmed nosocomial infection. he commonest sites of infection were respiratory and bloodstream. Gram negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens isolated, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae (extended- spectrum -Lactamase-producing), Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species. Mortality for those with a known outcome was 33%. Improved surveillance and implementation of efective preventive interventions are needed. 1. Introduction Health-care-associated (or nosocomial) infection is a major problem in hospitals worldwide and the prevalence is two- to threefold higher in developing countries compared to Europe or USA [1, 2]. he incidence is particularly high in intensive care units (ICUs) compared to non-ICU wards in the hospital as ICU patients have a range of severe comorbidities and the use of invasive devices during their management is very com- mon [3]. Reports from a range of ICU settings including those in developing countries consistently show a high burden of device-associated nosocomial infections [4–6]. Nosocomial infections are caused by a wide range of pathogens, and ventilator-associated pneumonia and central line infections are common sites of infections and are associated with high mortality—as high as 50%. Nosocomial infections are associated with an increase in crude mortality, length of stay in ICU, and hospital costs [7–10]. here are no published data reporting the prevalence of nosocomial infections in Fiji. Such information is required to describe the current epidemiology and to improve infection control practices in the adult ICU. his retrospective study aimed to describe bacteriological culture-conirmed nosoco- mial infections in Fiji’s largest adult ICU. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Study Design and Setting. his was a retrospective, descriptive study of bacteriological culture-conirmed noso- comial infections in an adult ICU in 2011 and 2012. he study was conducted at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Tropical Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 545160, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/545160