Cambridge Journal of Economics 2014, 38, 797–815
doi:10.1093/cje/bet071
Advance Access publication 26 December 2013
© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society.
All rights reserved.
Aggregate structural macroeconomic
analysis: a reconsideration and defence
Mark Setterield and Shyam Gouri Suresh*
Aggregate structural macroeconomic analysis (ASMA) is frequently criticised for
being ad hoc and justiied (if at all) only as a pragmatic expedient. This paper argues
instead that ASMA is consistent with the principles of well-established bodies of
social theory. Appeal to these principles reveals that ASMA is adequate and likely
even necessary for the successful prosecution of macroeconomic inquiry.
Key words: Macroeconomics, Microfoundations, Macrofoundations, Aggregate
structural relations
JEL classiications: B22, B41
1. Introduction
According to mainstream economic thought, the determinants of all economic outcomes
are to be sought and found at the level of the individual decision maker. In macroeco-
nomics this thinking has found expression in the ‘microfoundations of macroeconomics’
project. The microfoundations project is central to the ‘consensus view’ of macroeco-
nomics enshrined in contemporary dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE)
models, as celebrated by authors such as Blanchard (2009) and Woodford (2009).
1
At its core, the microfoundations project is a reaction against aggregate structural
macroeconomic analysis (ASMA), which seeks to explain aggregate (i.e. economy-
wide) economic outcomes in terms of analysis based on aggregate (i.e. external to the
individual) structural and behavioural relations. The microfoundations project deems
ASMA an inadequate basis for explaining macroeconomic outcomes, because it does
not involve explicit description of the intentions and actions of the individual decision
makers of which the economy as a whole is undoubtedly comprised.
ASMA is not without its advocates, even amongst prominent mainstream econo-
mists. Hence, Romer (1996) acknowledges that ASMA is ‘externally consistent’ in the
Manuscript received 20 August 2012; inal version received 18 September 2013.
Address for correspondence: Department of Economics, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; email:
mark.setterield@trincoll.edu
* Trinity College (MS) and Davidson College, NC, USA (SGS). An earlier version of this paper was pre-
sented at the Non-equilibrium Social Science ‘Micro-foundations and Systemic Impacts’ Workshop, Sirolo,
Ancoma, Italy in September 2012. We would like to thank workshop participants and three anonymous
referees for their helpful comments. Any remaining errors are our own.
1
Whether or not contemporary understanding of the microfoundations project is truly consistent with the
intentions of the progenitors of this project is a matter of debate that lies beyond the scope of this paper, but
see Howitt (1996) and Boianovsky and Backhouse (2006).
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