Personality, Attentional Focus,
and Novelty Effects:
Reactions to Peers With Disabilities
Catherine S. Fichten
Dawson College and Sir Mortimer
B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital
Rhonda Amsel
McGill University
Kristen Robillard
CISC NDG - Montreal West
Stephane Sabourin
Laval University
John Wright
Universite de Montreal
ABSTRACT. Tested the hypothesis that common reactions to people with
disabilities are partly due to the attentional consequences of novelty and
explored the impact of personality on nondisabled individuals' reactions, three
hundred and fifty one college students completed personality measures (social
anxiety, shyness, public self- consciousness, self-monitoring) and indicated
their feelings, self and other-focused thoughts, and behavioral intentions con-
cerning a hypothetical encounter with an "average" student or with 2 types of
novel peers: student with a disability and an all-round outstanding individual.
Implications of the findings, which indicate that (1) novelty provides a partial
explanation of interaction problems between nondisabled and disabled peers and
(2) personality factors have a different impact on thoughts and feelings about
encounters with peers who are novel than on those who are not, are discussed.
The literature indicates that in casual social encounters between people who
do not know each other well, nondisabled individuals (1) behave differently
with people who have a disability, (2) are less comfortable with disabled than
with nondisabled peers, (3) have more negative thoughts when it comes to
interacting with people who have physical impairments, and (4) commonly
make both overly positive and negative evaluations (Berry & Meyer, 1995;
REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 42, No. 3,1997
© 1997 by the Division of Rehabilitation Psychology of the American Psychological Association
Published by Springer Publishing Company, Inc., 536 Broadway, New York, NY 10012
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