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2009 THE AUTHORS
1586 JOURNAL COMPILATION
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2 0 0 9 B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L | 1 0 5 , 1 5 8 6 – 1 5 8 9 | doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08988.x
2009 THE AUTHORS. JOURNAL COMPILATION 2009 BJU INTERNATIONAL
Reconstructive and Paediatric Urology
PANNICULECTOMY AND STOMAL REVISION IN OBESE PATIENTS
KATKOORI
et al.
Synchronous panniculectomy with stomal
revision for obese patients with stomal stenosis
and retraction
Devendar Katkoori, Srinivas Samavedi, Bruce Kava, Mark S. Soloway
and Murugesan Manoharan
Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Accepted for publication 14 July 2009
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In all, 302 RCs with UD were done by one
surgical team between 2002 and 2008, with
ileal conduit diversion in 182 (60%); 18 had
a body mass index (BMI) of >35 kg/m
2
, and
among them four had severe stomal stenosis
with retraction. We report the technique we
used for managing stomal stenosis in these
patients.
RESULTS
The mean (range) BMI of the patients was 42
(38–46) kg/m
2
; all were women. The mean
(SD) operative duration was 2 (0.5)h. The
drain was removed once the drainage was
<25 mL in 24 h. The mean (SD) hospital stay
was 3 (1) days; there were no significant
complications. After a mean follow-up of
3 years there was no recurrent stomal
stenosis or retraction.
CONCLUSIONS
The unique advantage of this procedure is
that it avoids laparotomy in a morbidly obese
patient, and it provides excellent cosmesis
while correcting the stomal complication.
KEYWORDS
panniculectomy, stomal stenosis, obese,
revision, ileal conduit
Study Type – Therapy (case series)
Level of Evidence 4
OBJECTIVE
To report our experience of synchronous
panniculectomy with stomal revision in
morbidly obese patients after radical
cystectomy (RC) and ileal conduit urinary
diversion (UD). Abnormal skin folds with an
uneven surface, stomal retraction and
stomal stenosis result in a poorly fitting
appliance which leads to urinary leakage,
need for frequent change of appliances and
skin excoriation.
INTRODUCTION
Bladder cancer is the fourth most commonly
diagnosed malignancy in the USA; it is
estimated that 70 980 new cases will be
diagnosed with bladder cancer in 2009 in the
USA [1]. About a fifth of these patients will
have a radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary
diversion (UD). Several types of UD have been
described and their relative advantages
and complications have been extensively
discussed. The ileal conduit (IC) is still a
predominant form of UD, accounting for
20–55% of all UDs worldwide [2]. The overall
complication rate for IC can be 18–66% [3–5].
Stoma-related complications are one of the
most common and account for 18–34%
of the complications after IC UD [3–5].
Stomal complications frequently require re-
admission and repeat surgical procedures.
The stomal complications include bleeding,
necrosis, retraction, obstruction, parastomal
hernia, prolapse and stenosis [6]. The
incidence of stomal stenosis in individuals
with an IC is 2–19% [7]. Stomal stenosis
results in increased conduit length and
volume, renal failure, pyelonephritis,
hydronephrosis and stones. Ischaemia,
retraction, constriction of fascia, local skin
changes and a poorly fitting appliance can
increase the risk of a stomal stenosis.
Obesity increases the risk of stoma-related
complications of ileostomies, colostomies
or ICs [8]. Significantly many patients
undergoing RC with UD are overweight. Lee
et al. [9] studied the effect of body mass index
(BMI) on morbidity after RC. In their analysis
the mean BMI was 28 kg/m
2
; 70% of the study
group had above-normal BMI, with 20%
obese and 10% morbidly obese. Obesity
causes stomal retraction, stomal stenosis,
poor appliance application and need for
frequent change of appliance. Several
procedures have been described for managing
stomal complications in the obese individual.
Panniculectomy is a good option for
managing obese patients with stomal
complications. We describe our experience
with four patients who had panniculectomy
for revision and repositioning of the stoma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In all, 302 RCs with UD were done by one
surgical team between 2002 and September
2008, with IC in 182 (60%) patients, among
whom 18 had a BMI of >35 kg/m
2
. There was
severe stomal stenosis with retraction in four
patients. We report the technique we used for
managing stomal stenosis in these patients.
The steps of the procedure were:
Step 1: A circum-stomal incision is made
incising the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and
mobilizing the conduit up to the rectus
sheath. Adequate care is taken to maintain
the conduit’s vascularity. A circum-umbilical
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