A revision of the New World species of the Aleiodes compressor species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) Eduardo M. Shimbori, 1 Scott R. Shaw, Angélica M. Penteado-Dias Abstract—Species of the Aleiodes compressor (Herrich-Schaeffer) species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from the New World are revised. Two new species are described (Aleiodes mantiqueirensis new species and Aleiodes marinonii new species) and geographical range of the species group is extended into the Neotropical Region. Both new species are known only from the type locality in Brazil. Including the current descriptions, there are six species within the Aleiodes compressor species group, four of them from the New World. Some new diagnostic characters for the group are proposed such as the relative length of antenna and the shape of ovipositor sheaths. The males of this group are difficult to distinguish from males of the Aleiodes gastritor-circumscriptus species group because most diagnostic features are found only in females. Introduction Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) is the most common and species rich rogadine genus worldwide. There are 212 species described to the New World, of which 143 occur in the Nearctic and 89 in the Neotropical Region (Yu et al. 2012; Shimbori and Shaw 2014). The larger number of species in Nearctic Region is most likely due to more research effort in this region, rather than any biological process (Quicke 2012). Previous research is exemplified by the revisionary series of Aleiodes species groups (Shaw et al. 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 2006, 2013; Marsh and Shaw 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003; Fortier 2009). Shaw et al. (1997) divided Aleiodes into 15 species-groups, with three additional groups being proposed after additional phylogenetic analyses (Fortier and Shaw 1999). However, species of the A. gastritor (Thunberg) and A. circumscriptus (Nees) species-groups from the Neotropical Region are difficult to separate, and have sometimes been treated as a single group (Townsend and Shaw 2009). Of the 17 species-groups, six are not previously recorded from the Neotropical Region, including the A. compressor (Herrich-Schaeffer) group (Marsh and Shaw 2003). This paper presents two new species and the first records of species of A. compressor species-group from New World. The A. compressor species-group is a small assemblage, with only four species described. Some are known to attack concealed or semi- concealed hosts that are leaf-folders (Shaw 1994). The only recorded Asian species, Aleiodes aligharensi (Quadri), attacks several pest cater- pillars on cotton bolls. That species, and Aleiodes compressor, are the only two in this group known from the Old World. Nevertheless, they are rela- tively frequently collected, especially by rearing, from a number of different hosts (e.g., Patel and Patel 1981; Shaw 1983). The other two previously named species are from North America. Aleiodes palmatus (Walley) is known to attack two noctuid (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillars on trem- bling aspen – Populus tremuloides Michaux (Salicaceae) in Canada (Wong and Melvin 1976; Shaw 2006), while Aleiodes palmatoides Marsh and Shaw is known only from trap-collections. Parasitising concealed hosts is a basal trait within Rogadinae, unusual within Aleiodes. Most species E.M. Shimbori, 1 A.M. Penteado-Dias, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil S.R. Shaw, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management (3354), University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States of America 1 Corresponding author (e-mail: shimbori@gmail.com). Subject editor: Michael Sharkey doi:10.4039/tce.2015.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7711E7EF-4C27-4930-A35E-95DA67AB8465 Received 7 July 14. Accepted 11 June 14. Can. Entomol. 00:1–9 (2015) © 2015 Entomological Society of Canada 1