Clinical Study A Randomised Controlled Trial to Delay or Prevent Type 2 Diabetes after Gestational Diabetes: Walking for Exercise and Nutrition to Prevent Diabetes for You A. S. Peacock, 1,2 F. E. Bogossian, 1 S. A. Wilkinson, 2,3 K. S. Gibbons, 2 C. Kim, 4 and H. D. McIntyre 3,5 1 School of Nursing and Midwifery, he University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia 2 Mater Research Institute, he University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia 3 Mater Health Services, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia 4 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 5 School of Medicine, he University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. Peacock; a.peacock2@uq.edu.au Received 5 August 2014; Accepted 22 October 2014 Academic Editor: Anastasia Mavrogiannaki Copyright © 2015 A. S. Peacock et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Aims. To develop a program to support behaviour changes for women with a history of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 kg/m 2 to delay or prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods. Women diagnosed with GDM in the previous 6 to 24 months and BMI > 25 kg/m 2 were randomized to an intervention (I) ( = 16) or a control (C) ( = 15) group. he intervention was a pedometer program combined with nutrition coaching, with the primary outcome increased weight loss in the intervention group. Secondary outcomes included decreased waist and hip measurements, improved insulin sensitivity and body composition, increased physical activity, and improved self-eicacy in eating behaviours. Results. Median (IQR) results were as follows: weight: I −2.5 (2.3) kg versus C +0.2 (1.6) kg ( = 0.009), waist: I −3.6 (4.5) cm versus C −0.1 (3.6) cm ( = 0.07), and hip: I −5.0 (3.3) cm versus C −0.2 (2.6) cm ( = 0.002). here was clinical improvement in physical activity and eating behaviours and no signiicant changes in glucose metabolism or body composition. Conclusion. A pedometer program and nutrition coaching proved efective in supporting weight loss, waist circumference, physical activity, and eating behaviours in women with previous GDM. 1. Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a well-established predictor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [1]. he incidence of GDM has been increasing over the last iteen years [2], and, with the introduction of updated clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of GDM, the prevalence in Australia could be as high as 13% [3]. Worldwide, the prevalence of T2DM following GDM may be as high as 70% [4–9]. In 2007, the economic burden of T2DM was estimated at approximately $US218 billion [10]. he global burden of T2DM is immense [11] with one potential solution being a targeted delay or prevention of progression to T2DM in high risk populations [12–15]. However, programs designed to target women following GDM have met with varied levels of success [16]. Lifestyle intervention trials incorporating dietary modiication and promoting increased physical activ- ity to support weight loss have been successful in preventing T2DM [16–19], demonstrating a reduced risk of progression to T2DM in high risk groups by up to 58% [20, 21], with a continuing inluence up to eight years ater the intervention [22]. In a secondary analysis of the US Diabetes Prevention Program study, women with documented prior GDM had a 71% greater chance of progressing to T2DM three years later, a Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Endocrinology Volume 2015, Article ID 423717, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/423717