6 April 2011 | Volume 18 | Number 3 © RCN PublishiNg / NuRsE REsEARChER
Nurse Researcher
NVivo 8 and consistency in data
analysis: reflecting on the use of
a qualitative data analysis program
Correspondence to
Michael Bergin
mbergin@wit.ie
Michael Bergin is a lecturer
in nursing at the Department
of Nursing, School of Health
Sciences, Waterford Institute
of Technology, Ireland
Cite this article as: Bergin M (2011) NVivo 8 and consistency in data analysis: reflecting on the use of
a qualitative data analysis program. Nurse Researcher. 18, 3, 6-12.
Received March 19 2010; accepted November 15 2010
THERE IS much debate for and against the use
of qualitative data analysis (QDA) software in
qualitative research.
Advantages include a single location for
storage that provides easy access to material and
the ability to handle large amounts of data with
consistent coding schemes. Other advantages include
improvements in the consistency of approach,
assistance with team research and the ability to help
in theory building (Weitzman 2000).
Disadvantages include the amount of
time and effort taken to become proficient in
using the program; prescriptive approaches to
analysis with a reluctance to change categories
of information once they have been developed
(Robson 2002); and the tendency for the analyst
to take short cuts (Weitzman 2000). The issue
of whether or not using the program distances
researchers from their data (Bong 2002, Roberts
and Wilson 2002) and thereby impedes or distorts
analysis is widely debated (Bourdon 2002).
Analogies of creating a ‘Frankenstein’s monster’
have been put forward but have tended to be
over-emphasised (Kelle 2004).
However, the qualitative researcher who does
not use software beyond a word processor will be
hindered in comparison with those who do (Miles
and Huberman 1994), although some argue that the
computer needs to be used as a tool purely for data
administration and archiving and not for analysing
the data (Kelle 2004). Therefore, in trying to make a
decision about whether to use a QDA program, it is
Abstract
Aim Qualitative data analysis is a complex process
and demands clear thinking on the part of the analyst.
However, a number of deficiencies may obstruct
the research analyst during the proces, leading to
inconsistencies occurring. This paper is a reflection on
the use of a qualitative data analysis program, NVivo
8, and its usefulness in identifying consistency and
inconsistency during the coding process.
Background The author was conducting a large-scale
study of providers and users of mental health services
in Ireland. He used NVivo 8 to store, code and
analyse the data and this paper reflects some of his
observations during the study.
Discussion The demands placed on the analyst
in trying to balance the mechanics of working
through a qualitative data analysis program, while
simultaneously remaining conscious of the value of all
sources are highlighted.
Conclusion NVivo 8 as a qualitative data analysis
program is a challenging but valuable means for
advancing the robustness of qualitative research.
Implications for practice Pitfalls can be avoided
during analysis by running queries as the analyst
progresses from tree node to tree node rather
than leaving it to a stage whereby data analysis
is well advanced.
Keywords
Qualitative data analysis, software, computer
program, research