Journal of Nanomedicine Research Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Arthritic Patients Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: Anti-VEGFA /GNPs: Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/Gold nanoparticles; RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis; OA: Osteoarthritis; TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy; HIF- 1: Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1; FTIR: Fourier Transform Infrared Resonance; HR-TEM: High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Introduction Nanotechnology has recent biological and medical applications especially in bioanti-VEGFA/GNPs conjugate research. The bioanti- VEGFA/GNPs conjugate based on nanoparticles are introducing materials with new characteristics because sensing elements are biocompatible so it may be cells, proteins, or nucleic acids also the sensors are used to evaluate biological processes changes. Among the nanomaterials used as component in bioanti-VEGFA/ GNPs conjugate, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have received greatest interests because they have various unique properties [1-6]. GNPs have been used in various medical applications due to its stability, controlled geometrical, optical and surface chemical properties [7]. GNPs have high surface-to-volume ratio and high surface energy that provide a stable immobilization of a large amount of biomolecules retaining their bioactivity [8,9]. Nanoparticles have a unique characteristics as it not detected by immune system. Nanoparticles play an important role in treatment of some diseases for example, caner, Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) diseases through active targeting of angiogenic cells. Osteoarthritis (OA) or degenerative joint disease is the most common type of arthritis. It’s usually prevalent among the elderly; recently it is becoming more common among younger people. The joints most commonly affected are hands, knees, ankles and spines. Often the cause of osteoarthritis is unknown but it may be due to a combination of the following risk factors a family tendency, obesity, a joint injury, repetitive destruction from activities and problems with bones in a joint not lining up properly [10]. Over many years these factors can wear away the articular cartilage, expose bony surfaces rub together. This along with the growth of bony projections called swelling, pain and limited movement of the joint. Damage starts at the molecular scale and progressively spreads to the higher structural architecture of the articular cartilage that cushions the joints [11]. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the second common type of arthritis and known as an autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1% of the worldwide population, characterized by the infiltration and accumulation of activated immune cells in the synovial joints. In RA the immune system attacks the joints and organ tissue. Subsequent chronic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to destruction of the joint architecture, severe disability [12,13]. One of the earliest histopathology responses Volume 2 Issue 4 - 2015 1 Department Biochemistry, Modern University for Technology and Information, Egypt 2 Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Egypt 3 Department Biochemistry, Al-Azhar University, Egypt 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt *Corresponding author: Taher A Salah Eldin, Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agriculture Research Center. 9 Elgamaa St., P.O. 588orman, Giza, Egypt, Tel: +201001030534; Fax: +20235713250; Email: Received: October 24, 2015 | Published: November 20, 2015 Research Article J Nanomed Res 2015, 2(4): 00036 Abstract The idea behind this study is the use of Nanotechnological approaches in treatment of arthritic patients through targeting of Vascular Endothelial Growth factor as angiogenic factor. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/Gold nanoparticles (anti-VEGFA /GNPs) conjugate have been prepared and applied to serum of Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients for scavenger of VEGFA antigen present in serum. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor antigen (VEGFA) in RA and OA patients has been estimated before and after incubation of serum of arthritic patients ‘with (anti-VEGFA /GNPs) anti- VEGFA/GNPs conjugate. It assumed that the anti-VEGFA/GNPs conjugate bind with VEGFA antigen so it will inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis in serum of arthritic patients as primary treatment of arthritis. The characterization of both anti-VEGFA/GNPs anti-VEGFA/GNPs conjugate and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) such as particle size, zeta potential (ZP), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR were investigated. This anti-VEGFA/GNPs conjugate has been applied to “thirty three” serum samples of human patients with OA and RA in vitro. The Optimization of anti-VEGFA/GNPs gives that 150 ng/mL is an optimum concentration of anti-VEGFA/GNPs conjugate. It can decrease the level of VEGFA in serum of human patients upon incubation for 2 hr at room temperature. The anti-VEGFA/GNPs conjugate gives cure percent 59% and 62% in OA and RA patients ‘respectively through a single addition of anti-VEGFA/GNPs conjugate to serum that was validated by ELISA method. This technique open new modality and hope for OA and RA patients using novel Nanoechnological approach. Keywords: Gold nanoparticles; Rheumatoid arthritis; Osteoarthritis; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Nanoconjugation