Applying a Methodology for Collaborative
Assessment in Learning Groups
Tatiana Escovedo
Computer Science Department
PUC-Rio
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
tatiana@inf.puc-rio.br
Rubens Nascimento Melo
Computer Science Department
PUC-Rio
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
rubens@inf.puc-rio.br
Abstract— Collaborative evaluation is still a less explored subject
within the collaboration field. This paper proposes a
methodology to collaborative evaluation based on the 3C
collaboration model, which can be applied both in learning or
working groups. This paper also presents two case studies run on
graduate courses of the Computer Science Department of
Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro for collaborative evaluation
of the students work. The case studies suggest that the
methodology is appropriate for this type of assessment. In
addition, students participating in the experiment rated the
experience as positive, confirming the premise that students value
and miss the collaborative evaluation.
Keywords- Collaboration, Groupware, Collaborative
Evaluation, Assessment
I. INTRODUCTION
Collaboration is a process by which individuals negotiate
and share relevant insights to solve a problem. It is a
coordinated and synchronous activity, result of a continuous
attempt to construct and maintain a shared understanding of a
problem [9].
In collaborative learning, the student is responsible for
his/her own learning, and collaborates with the other group
members’ learning, constructing knowledge through reflection
on group discussion [5]. The active information exchange
instigates interest and critical thinking, allowing learners to
reach better results than by studying alone. In collaborative
learning, the teacher shifts his/her role from authority to
supervisor.
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)
studies how people can learn in groups using computers. This
approach proposes the development of new software that
allows group learning and offer creative activities of
intellectual exploration and social interaction. CSCL is often
combined with e-learning, which can be defined as organizing
instruction using computer networks, like the Internet [10].
Due to the collaboration between participants, the
traditional assessment methods-- in which the teacher prepares
a written test and the student must answer the questions
correctly-- are insufficient to measure the results of
collaborative learning. Much like the learning process, the
assessment should itself be collaborative, thus allowing the
evaluated student and their colleagues to contribute to the
assessment process, which is no longer the sole responsibility
of the teacher.
The research presented in [3] illustrates how the students
consider and miss collaborative assessment when it is not used.
In the words of the learner of an online course that suggested
the proposal:
“Evaluating is a very interesting activity. We can reflect,
analyze, consider… a lot of other reasons could be listed to
justify this activity; to assess the other and yourself. I don’t
understand why this deliciously cognitive activity – to evaluate
– is an aspect restricted to teachers (…) See how simple it
would be if, at the end of each message, a field were available
at the same site for you (the learner) to evaluate by giving a
grade and commenting.”
[8] points out that, for teachers, student evaluation has
always been challenging, and it is difficult to understand the
real level of conjecture of the student learning. In addition,
states that the evaluation is still a cause of anxiety in both
teachers - because there is a concern about quality, loyalty,
fairness, integrity, trustworthiness, privacy, efficiency and
honesty of the evaluation - and in students - due to fear,
insecurity, humiliation, distrust, anger, rage and tumult of the
evaluation.
When students share the responsibility of evaluation, the
comprehension and the utility of evaluation increase [7][6]. To
the evaluated ones, having several assessments of their work
increases confidence on the results of the evaluation.
Additionally, the evaluators better understand the process and
the objectives of the assessment, thus increasing their critical
sense and ability to improve on their own work.
Despite the evidence of the benefits of collaborative
evaluation, the literature still suffers from the lack of a
methodology for conducting such assessment. To fill this gap,
this paper proposes a methodology based on the 3C
Collaboration Model. Section 2 presents a summary of the 3C
model and section 3, the steps of the proposed methodology.
Section 4 describes the application of the methodology in two
case studies and Section 5 provides a analysis of the
participants. Section 6 assesses the proposed methodology
based on the results of case studies and finally section 7
presents the conclusions of the paper.
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IEEE EDUCON Education Engineering 2010 – The Future of Global Learning Engineering Education
April 14-16, 2010, Madrid, SPAIN