Validation of a Network Fire Model Using the
Ex-Shadwell Submarine Ventilation Doctrine Tests
JASON FLOYD
1
, FRED WILLIAMS
2
, and PATRICIA TATEM
3
1
Hughes Associates, Inc.
3610 Commerce Dr., Suite 817
Baltimore, MD 21227-1652
2
Naval Technology Center for Safety and Survivability
Chemistry Division
Naval Research Laboratory
Washington, DC
3
ITT Industries Advanced Engineering and Sciences Division
Alexandria, Virginia
ABSTRACT
There is a need for fire modeling tools capable of rapid simulation of fire growth and
smoke spread with complex ventilation in multiple compartments. Currently available
tools are not capable of either the speed, the simulation of complex ventilation
arrangements, and/or the ability to participate as a federate in a simulation environment.
To address this, a new fire model was developed called FSSIM (Fire and Smoke
SIMulator) [1]. FSSIM is a network model whose core thermal hydraulic routines are
based on MELCOR [2]. FSSIM capabilities include remote ignition, multi-layer heat
conduction, radiation streaming, HVAC systems, detection, suppression, oxygen and fuel
limited combustion, and simple control systems. FSSIM was used to simulate four tests
from the ex-Shadwell Submarine Ventilation Doctrine Tests. Excellent results are
obtained in predicting the time-dependent temperature, visibility, and velocities.
KEYWORDS: modeling, validation, HVAC
INTRODUCTION
A new fire model has been developed for simulating fire growth and smoke spread
onboard naval vessels. The core physics models are not naval specific; therefore, the
model is also applicable to simulating any multiple compartment enclosure. This paper
will provide a brief overview of the model’s physics and algorithms. This overview will
be followed by model validation using fire test data from the US Navy’s fire test
platform, the ex-USS Shadwell [3].
MOTIVATION
The impetus for developing a network fire model arose from current needs of the design
process for future surface combatants [4]. Fire represents a significant threat to a ship
both in terms of its impact on crew health and equipment. Fire growth and spread
onboard a combatant can quickly result in crew casualties and a loss of mission
capability. Furthermore, the presence of flammable liquids, missile propellants, and
explosives onboard a combatant greatly increases the risk represented by a fire.
1253 COPYRIGHT © 2005 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE
FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE–PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, pp. 1253-1264