Enhanced Single Chain-Based Scheme in Cylindrical Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Muhammad Zain-ul-Abidin 1 , Muhammad Awais Khan 1 , Nadeem Javaid 1,* , Malik Khizar 1 , Zahoor Ali Khan 2,3 , Umar Qasim 4 1 Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 2 Internetworking Program, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3J 4R2 Canada 3 Computer Information Science, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah 4114, United Arab Emirates 4 Cameron Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J8 Canada * Corresponding author: nadeemjavaidqau@gmail.com, www.njavaid.com Abstract—Application-oriented underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are planned to design in such a way that they can monitor and transfer information efficiently. Therefore, quality data routing schemes are required to achieve certain goals. Many routing protocols are designed for application oriented networks. These types of networks require deployment strategies with quality data routing. Application like oil spillage monitoring requires cylindrical deployment of sensor nodes. So, there is a need of proposing new protocols which can minimize and balance the energy consumption of nodes. In our proposed protocol we introduce the energy balancing mechanism for single chain-based routing scheme (SCBS) in cylindrical network to prolong the network lifetime along with increased throughput. I. I NTRODUCTION Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are getting more and more research attention due to advancement in technology and to enable applications like seismic monitoring, environmental monitoring, oceanographic data collection and exploration of underwater hidden resources. The main inten- tion of UWSNs is gathering the sensor nodes data through quality data routing scheme so that packets will successfully delivered on onshore data center. Further, UWSNs have dif- ferent characteristics in contrast to terrestrial WSNs. Radio signals do not work well in UWSNs so that’s way acoustic signals are used as a channel of communication. Due to their unique properties they can travel longer distances but they have high propagation delay, path loss and energy consumption. Nodes energy is a main constraint in underwater sensor networks because replacing the batteries of sensor nodes is very expensive and quite difficult task in under- water severe environment. In last few years, scientists and researchers paid much attention towards energy consumption. They balanced the energy utilization of overall network by proposing innovative techniques. In this paper we have introduced an energy balancing mech- anism for cylindrical UWSNs networks in which data is routed from sensor nodes towards the sink by using chain-based approach. In chain-based approach data is routed from farthest node towards the sink by creating chains. Thus, all incoming packets will aggregated at chain head and then chain head transmits the packets towards the sink. The main objective of our proposed scheme’s is to improve the performance of Single chain-based scheme (SCBS) in terms of improving the network lifetime and throughput. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, Literature review is presented. Section 3 consists of Motiva- tion. In Section 4, our proposed scheme ESCBS is described in detail. Section 5 evaluates the performance of our protocol. Finally, Conclusions are made in Section 6. II. LITERATURE REVIEW An energy-efficient routing protocol based on residual en- ergy and physical distance was proposed by Wahid et al [1] to extend the lifetime of the network. To achieve energy- efficient routing in harsh underwater environment, ultrasonic frog calling algorithm [2] was introduced. The process of selecting relay nodes for forwarding data packet was similar to former schemes. MTE [3] was a classical approach of energy-efficient multi- hop transmission, each of the sensor node consistently for- warding data packets towards its neighbor node till the data packets reached the destination. Problem of multi-hop routing still exists in which the nodes that are near to the sink participates more frequently and their energy drain out quickly. In [4] a balanced transmission mechanism is proposed by Jiabao Cao. It divides data routing process into two steps. First step involves creation of nodes which is actually a path that is followed by packet during data transmission. A data routing algorithm is designed in second stage. To balance energy consumption, both methods of communication (direct or multi- hop) can be applied. Energy gradation is also applicable to decide transmission mode of nodes. A routing protocol, named as Energy Balanced Hybrid protocol [5], had been proposed. It is named hybrid because it combines the effectiveness of both multi hop communication and direct transmission scheme. However, deficiency also exists in this protocol because the node having lowest depth has a highest data forwarding burden in the direct transmission mode towards the sink. Due to this