Phylogenetic analysis of antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria from farmed seabass Dicentrarchus labrax Ouissal Chahad Bourouni, Monia El Bour, Pilar Calo-Mata, Radhia Mraouna, Boudabous Abedellatif, and Jorge Barros-Velàzquez Abstract: The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the prevention or reduction of fish diseases is receiving increasing atten- tion. In the present study, 47 LAB strains were isolated from farmed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and were phenotypi- cally and phylogenetically analysed by 16S rDNA and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPDPCR). Their antimicrobial effect was tested in vitro against a wide variety of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Most of the strains isolated were enterococci belonging to the following species: Enterococcus faecium (59%), Enterococcus faecalis (21%), Enterococcus sanguinicola (4 strains), Enterococcus mundtii (1 strain), Enterococcus pseudoavium (1 strain), and Lactococcus lactis (1 strain). An Aerococcus viridans strain was also isolated. The survey of their antimicrobial suscept- ibility showed that all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and exhibited resistance to between 4 and 10 other antibiotics relevant for therapy in human and animal medicine. Different patterns of resistance were noted for skin and intestines iso- lates. More than 69% (32 strains) of the isolates inhibited the growth of the majority of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria tested, including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum, and Carnobacterium sp. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bioactive enterococcal species isolated from seabass that could potentially inhibit the undesirable bacteria found in food systems. Key words: Enterococcus, lactic acid bacteria, aquaculture, probiotics, seabass. Résumé : Lutilisation de bactéries lactiques (BL) dans la prévention ou la réduction de maladies chez les poissons suscite de plus en plus dintérêt. Dans létude présente, 47 souches de BL ont été isolées du bar commun délevage (Dicentrarchus labrax) et analysées sur les plans du phénotype et de la phylogénie par lADNr 16S et par PCR de lADN polymorphique amplifié au hasard (RAPDPCR). Leur effet antimicrobien a été testé in vitro sur une large variété de bactéries pathogènes et de contamination. La plupart des souches isolées consistaient en entérocoques appartenant aux espèces suivantes : Entero- coccus faecium (59 %), Enterococcus faecalis (21 %), Enterococcus sanguinicola (4 souches), Enterococcus mundtii (1 souche), Enterococcus pseudoavium (1 souche) et Lactococcus lactis (1 souche). Une souche dAerococcus viridans a aussi été isolée. Lévaluation de leur susceptibilité aux antimicrobiens a montré que tous les isolats étaient sensibles à la vancomycine et montraient une résistance à entre 4 et 10 autres antibiotiques dimportance thérapeutique en médecine et en médecine vétérinaire. Différents patrons de résistance ont été notés chez les isolats prélevés de la peau et des intestins. Plus de 69 % (32 souches) des isolats inhibaient la croissance de la majorité des bactéries pathogènes et de contamination testées, dont Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum et Carnobacterium sp. À notre connaissance, il sagit ici du premier rapport portant sur des espèces dentérocoques bioactifs isolés du bar commun qui pourraient potentiellement inhiber les bactéries indésirables trouvées dans les systèmes alimentaires. Motsclés : Enterococcus, bactéries lactiques, aquaculture, probiotiques, bar commun. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Introduction In aquaculture, prophylactic or therapeutic antibiotic abuse has rapidly led to antibiotic resistance within the bacterial communities found in the fish farming areas (Hjelm et al. 2004). However, the introduction of probiotic bacteria in fish feed has been proposed as an alternative to antimicrobial use for treatment of farmed fish, shellfish, and penaeid shrimp aquaculture (Irianto and Austin 2002; Riquelme et al. 2001; Ajitha et al. 2004; Farzanfar 2006). Thus, in recent years Received 11 November 2011. Revision received 10 January 2012. Accepted 11 January 2012. Published at www.nrcresearchpress.com/cjm on 23 March 2012. O.C. Bourouni, M. El Bour, and R. Mraouna. Institut national des sciences et technologies de la mer (INSTM), rue 2 Mars 1934, 2025 Salammbô; Tunis, Tunisia. P. Calo-Mata and J. Barros-Velàzquez. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, LHICA, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain. B. Abedellatif. Laboratoire de microorganismes et biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia. Corresponding author: Monia El Bour (e-mail: monia.elbour@instm.rnrt.tn). 463 Can. J. Microbiol. 58: 463474 (2012) doi:10.1139/W2012-014 Published by NRC Research Press Can. J. Microbiol. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Renmin University of China on 06/10/13 For personal use only.