Effects of the growth rate on the quality of 4H silicon carbide films for
MOSFET applications
M. Camarda
1)
, S. Privitera
1)
, R. Anzalone
1)
, N. Piluso
1)
, P. Fiorenza
1)
,
A. Alberti
1)
, G. Pellegrino
1)
, A. La Magna
1)
, F. La Via
1)
C. Vecchio
2)
, M. Mauceri
2)
, G. Litrico
2)
, A. Pecora
2)
, D. Crippa
3)
1)
IMM-CNR, Z.I. VIII Strada, 5, 95121, Catania, Italy
2)
Epitaxial Technology Center, XVI Strada, Pantano d'Arci, 95121 Catania, Italy
3)
LPE spa, Via falzarego 8. 20021 Baranzate, Italy
E-mail: massimo.camarda@imm.cnr.com
Keywords: surface morphology, growth rate, density of interface state traps.
Abstract In this paper we investigate the role of the growth rate (varied by changing the Si/H
2
ratio and using TCS to avoid Si droplet formation) on the surface roughness (R
q
), the density of
single Shockley stacking faults (SSSF) and 3C-inclusions (i.e. epi-stacking faults, ESF). We find
that optimized processes with higher growth rates allow to improve the films in all the considered
aspects. This result, together with the reduced cost of growth processes, indicates that high growth
rates should always be used to improve the overall quality of 4H-SiC homoepitaxial growths.
Furthermore we analyze the connection between surface morphology and density of traps (D
it
) at
the SiO
2
/SiC interface in fabricated MOS devices finding consistent indications that higher surface
roughness (‘step-bunched’ surfaces) can improve the quality of the interface by reducing the D
it
value.
Introduction
4H-Silicon Carbide is one of the most mature post-Si material in the field of high voltage/high
power devices with demonstrated power DMOSFET, implanted VJFETs, PiN diodes and Schottky
diodes [1]. High quality 4H-SiC films are mostly grown on (0001) surfaces slightly misoriented
(2°-8°) towards the <11-20> direction to avoid polytype inclusions (mainly 3C, named epi-stacking
faults, ESF). This growth method, named "step-controlled epitaxy", is known to generate different
types of surface instabilities (nano-faceting, step bunching and step meandering) [2,3,4] which,
depending on the specific fabricated device and characteristics of the surface morphology, can
cause electric field crowding (resulting in the increase the leakage current of Schottky diodes [5,6]
or alter the oxide breakdown characteristics in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors
MOSFETs [7]. It is thus mandatory to control the surface morphology of the films during all
process steps for high quality, reliable, device characteristics. It has been found that these
instabilities are the result of a competition between two opposing tendencies [3]: the former is
energetic (step-step attractive strain interaction, step reactivity and step-surface dangling bond
densities) which favours the re-organization in terms of nano-ondulations, the latter is kinetic
which, by increasing the overall randomness of the deposition, hinders ordered configurations.
Aiming to further elucidate the energetic/kinetic competition and to directly explore the impact of
surface morphology on the density of defects at the SiC/SiO
2
interface (which, in turn, will impact
channel characteristics in MOSFETs [8]) we have analyzed three ~8 µm thick 4H-SiC films with a
n-type doping of 10
16
cm
-3
grown on 4° <11-20> substrates setting the growth rate (by altering the
Si/H
2
ratio) at 4 µm/h (sample a), 27 µm/h (sample b) and 60 µm/h (sample c). In order to modify
the surface roughness a high temperature annealing at 1650°C, low pressure (20 millibar) in Argon
gas was performed on (b) sample for 30’.
Materials Science Forum Vols. 778-780 (2014) pp 95-98
Online available since 2014/Feb/26 at www.scientific.net
© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.778-780.95
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of TTP,
www.ttp.net. (ID: 192.167.161.20, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi IMM-CNR, Catania, Italy-19/03/14,11:45:18)