The Schizophrenia Proneness ( SzP ) Scale:
An MMPI-2 Measure of Schizophrenia Liability
P. Kevin Bolinskey
Medical College of Virginia
Irving I. Gottesman
University of Minnesota
David S. Nichols
Pacific University
We examined the psychometric properties and construct validity for a
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Schizophrenia Proneness
( SzP ) scale (Bolinskey et al., 2001) and provided normative statistics.
Premorbid participants were offspring of parents with schizophrenia-
related illness (SRI), with comparison groups of offspring of parents with
major affective disorders and offspring of normals. Postmorbid partici-
pants were twins affected with SRI; their unaffected relatives served as a
comparison group. Results suggest that an SzP T score of 65 or above is
an effective indicator of personality processes associated with increased
liability to developing SRI. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol
59: 1031–1044, 2003.
Keywords: endophenotype; construct validity; offspring of schizophrenics;
twins
The authors would like to thank L. Erlenmeyer-Kimling, of the New York State Psychiatric Institute and
Columbia University, for allowing access to the NewYork High-Risk Project data; W. Grant Dahlstrom of the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for providing access to the MMPI-2 normative group data; and
Alastair Cardno for providing diagnostic data for each of the Maudsley twins. We would also like to thank
James N. Butcher, Robert P. Archer, and Randolph C. Arnau for their comments and suggestions on an earlier
version of this report. This work was supported in part by NIMH Training Grant MH-20030 (P. Kevin Bolinskey).
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: P. Kevin Bolinskey, Virginia Institute of Psy-
chiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 East Leigh Street, Suite 1, P.O. Box 980126, Medical College of Virginia,
Richmond, VA 23298–0126; e-mail: pkbolinskey@vcu.edu.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Vol. 59(9), 1031–1044 (2003) © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10187