CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 26, 2012
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at: www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Valerio Cozzani, Eddy De Rademaeker
Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
ISBN 978-88-95608-17-4; ISSN 1974-9791
Performance Indicators for Training Assessment of
Control-Room Operators
Davide Manca, Salman Nazir, Simone Colombo
Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
davide.manca@polimi.it
The performance assessment of industrial operators is a challenge faced by the scientific community in
last decades on account of the subjectivity involved, lack of quantitative methods and complex trainer-
trainee- relation. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the performance of a control room
operator according to operator performance indicators based on relevant human factors, which allows
a quantitative and as well as qualitative assessment. The proposed methodology can be used not only
for the assessment of operators but also for scheduling training courses, future recruitments, and
insurance evaluations.
1. Introduction
Operator Training Simulators (OTSs) for industrial processes are available in the market since years.
On one hand, the availability of high performing computers at low prices and of robust dynamic
simulators has lowered the entry threshold. On the other hand, OTSs are more frequently required by
the Industry to take the training level of future operators to both acceptable and safe values, and to
increase and refresh the knowledge of the process by existing operators. Actually, OTSs allow facing
not only programmed operations but also abnormal situations that can be even singular. Rare events
such as process startups and shutdowns can be simulated virtually a number of times, thus enhancing
the degree of knowledge and experience of operators (Brambilla and Manca, 2011).
Shared understanding and operation of the plant, among workers, allow increasing the safety of the
process and may even improve its efficiency. Finally, OTSs allow keeping the knowledge and
understanding of the process shared and within the company. These training tools avoid losing the
expertise of workers who, after a long career, retire.
The structure of common OTSs is based on the paradigm of trainer-trainee(s) interaction. Usually, a
training room replicating the control-room devices and Human Machine Interphase (HMI) sees the
trainer assigning some duties to one or more trainees that are evaluated according to their actions,
decisions, timings and coordination with other operators. The trainer can either assign predefined
exercises and observe the operator performance or modify ad libitum some process parameters to
monitor how the trainee(s) respond to unexpected events and/or abnormal situations.
Once the exercise comes to an end, the trainer assesses the performance of the operator(s) and
outlines both correct and wrong/missing actions. During the assessment phase, the only means the
trainer has to come up with a judgment on the trainee(s) performance is to refer to some process
values recorded by the dynamic process simulator during the simulation session (replacing the real
plant behavior in the OTS); but typically the final judgment, strongly depends on the personal opinion of
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