Quadrupole Coupling Constants and Mössbauer Isomeric Shifts
in Antimony Compounds within Gaussian 98
O. Kh. Poleshchuk
a
and J. N. Latosińska
Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
a
Permanent address: Tomsk Pedagogical University, Komsomolskii 75, 634041 Tomks, Russia
Reprint requests to Dr. J. N. L.; Fax: +48-61-8257758; E-mail: jolanala@amu.edu.pl
Z. Naturforsch. 55 a, 276-280 (2000); received August 23, 1999
Presented at the XVth International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions,
Leipzig, Germany, July 25 - 30, 1999.
The electron density and quadrupole coupling constants of molecules containing Sb are analysed.
The NQCC for antimony, calculated using the extended basis 6-311G** are much lower than the
experimental data, while the use of the small 3-21G* basis led to NQCC closer to the experimental
ones.
Key words: DFT; QCC; Isomeric Mössbauer Shifts; Antimony Compounds.
Introduction
Compounds of non-transition elements contain-
ing tin and antimony were studied by nuclear qua-
drupole resonance spectroscopy and Mössbauer ef-
fect [1 - 5]. The parametres like quadrupole splitting
or quadrupole coupling constant (QCC) as well as
Mössbauer isomeric shifts on nuclei
121
Sb and
119
Sn
(6) were determined. The studies of the electronic
density distribution in a molecule and environment
of the central atom, i.e. non-transition element, were
performed mainly on the basis of semiempirical cal-
culations. It is well known that such methods cannot
be applied for a detailed analysis of bonding param-
eters or interpretation of the electronic structure of
molecules. The correlations between the experimen-
tal and calculated Mössbauer isomeric shifts or QCC
could also be significantly improved by the applica-
tion of non-empirical methods. It should be pointed
out that these methods have been widely used for
large molecular systems. The semiempirical meth-
ods of quantum chemistry do not give comprehensive
information concerning electronic structure of com-
pounds of non-transition elements, for example those
from group Kothekar [6] studied similar molecules
by CNDO and obtained negative charges on central
atoms (antimony and tin).
The Townes-Dailey approximation, in which vari-
ous integrals are neglected and configuration interac-
tions are taken into account to a different degree [7], is
widely used for the estimation of QCC and Mössbauer
isomeric shifts. Köster [8] suggests that, if we con-
sider only one configuration for a ground state, it is
equivalent to the assumption that each electron in an
atom is in a field of the averaged central potential. The
Coulomb repulsion between electrons is responsible
for the mixing of various configurations of electrons
in an atom. The magnitude of configuration interac-
tion is especially important for heavy atoms, where
the Coulomb repulsion between electrons is relatively
larger than attraction to nuclear charge.
The main idea of the Townes-Dailey approxima-
tion [9] is that the main contribution to the electric
field gradient comes from valence electrons of the
atom considered. Therefore, we expected that the best
QCC values (i. e. the closest to the experimental re-
sults) could be calculated using a nuclear core pseu-
dopotential.
Non-empirical calculation performed by us for
tin, antimony and iodine molecules, with the use of
the extended 6-311G** basis set [10, 11] provided
much lower QCC values than the experimental ones,
whereas the NQR frequencies from chlorine atoms
were well correlated with experimental values.
Computational Details
The calculations were performed within the Gaus-
sian 98 [ 12] package at the B3LYP level of the theory
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