INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING NONLINEARITY Nonlinearity 15 (2002) 957–992 PII: S0951-7715(02)27575-1 The geometry of reaction dynamics T Uzer 1 , Charles Jaff´ e 2 , Jes ´ us Palaci´ an 3 , Patricia Yanguas 3 and Stephen Wiggins 4 1 Center for Nonlinear Sciences, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6045, USA 3 Departamento de Matem´ atica e Inform´ atica, Universidad P´ ublica de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain 4 School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK Received 30 July 2001, in final form 15 February 2002 Published 22 April 2002 Online at stacks.iop.org/Non/15/957 Recommended by P Cvitanovi´ c Abstract The geometrical structures which regulate transformations in dynamical systems with three or more degrees of freedom (DOFs) form the subject of this paper. Our treatment focuses on the (2n - 3)-dimensional normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) in nDOF systems associated with a centre ×···× centre × saddle in the phase space flow in the (2n - 1)- dimensional energy surface. The NHIM bounds a (2n - 2)-dimensional surface, called a ‘transition state’ (TS) in chemical reaction dynamics, which partitions the energy surface into volumes characterized as ‘before’ and ‘after’ the transformation. This surface is the long-sought momentum-dependent TS beyond two DOFs. The (2n - 2)-dimensional stable and unstable manifolds associated with the (2n - 3)-dimensional NHIM are impenetrable barriers with the topology of multidimensional spherical cylinders. The phase flow interior to these spherical cylinders passes through the TS as the system undergoes its transformation. The phase flow exterior to these spherical cylinders is directed away from the TS and, consequently, will never undergo the transition. The explicit forms of these phase space barriers can be evaluated using normal form theory. Our treatment has the advantage of supplying a practical algorithm, and we demonstrate its use on a strongly coupled nonlinear Hamiltonian, the hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields. Mathematics Subject Classification: 37C75, 37D10, 37J40, 70H09, 81V45, 78A35 1. Introduction In this paper we develop a general formulation of the nonlinear dynamics and geometry of classical reaction dynamics. Our formalism hinges on finding, for the first time, the 0951-7715/02/040957+36$30.00 © 2002 IOP Publishing Ltd and LMS Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK 957