D. Keyson et al. (Eds.): AmI 2011, LNCS 7040, pp. 41–50, 2011.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
A Wearable User Interface for Measuring Reaction Time
Burcu Cinaz, Christian Vogt, Bert Arnrich, and Gerhard Tröster
ETH Zurich, Electronics Laboratory, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Burcu.Cinaz@ife.ee.ethz.ch
Abstract. Reaction time (RT) tests are known as simple and sensitive tests for
detecting variation in cognitive efficiency. RT tests measure the elapsed time
between a stimulus and the individual's response to it. A drawback of existing
RT tests is that they require the full attention of a test person which prohibits
the measurement of cognitive efficiency during daily routine tasks. In this
contribution we present the design and the evaluation of a wearable RT test user
interface which can be operated throughout everyday life. We designed a wear-
able watch-like device which combines the generation of a haptic stimulus and
the recognition of subject’s hand movement response. In order to show to what
extent the wearable RT test is convenient to measure reaction times, we de-
signed an experiment in which we measured the reaction times of ten subjects
from two different setups. In the first half of the experiment, the participants
performed a desktop-based RT test whereas in the second half of the experi-
ment they performed the wearable RT test. In order to measure changes in the
duration and variability of reaction times we induced additional cognitive load
in both setups. We show that individual changes of reaction times occurred due
to the cognitive load manipulation are similar for both desktop-based and wear-
able RT test. Additionally we investigate the subjective ratings of perceived
workload. We conclude that the presented wearable RT test allows to measure
changes in reaction times occurred due to additional cognitive load and hence
would allow the assessment of changes in cognitive efficiency throughout
everyday life.
Keywords: reaction time, wearable user interface, cognitive efficiency.
1 Introduction and Motivation
Reaction time (RT) tests measure how rapidly information can be processed and a
response to it can be activated [14]. In other words, RT tests measure the elapsed time
between a stimulus and the individual's response to it. According to Jensen [10], RT
tests are well suited for cognitive assessment tests since in comparison to convention-
al psychometric techniques, RT tests offer a high sensitivity for detecting variation in
cognitive efficiency and they can be virtually unlimited repeated. Several desktop-
based RT tests have been developed in which users have to respond to visual stimuli
by using keyboard, mouse or special buttons. An extensive review about computer-
based cognitive tests can be found in [20]. There are several examples on applying RT
tests to assess cognitive functioning: early detection of cognitive decline such as