Abstract— This paper proposes a PWM inverter that allows
the main switches to be turned on and off at zero voltage and
zero current, respectively, with controlled di/dt and dv/dt rates.
The reverse recovery losses of the main diodes are minimized,
and the auxiliary switches are turned on and off in a ZCS mode.
The main switches turning-on at zero current can reduce
significantly the undesirable effects of the parasitic inductances
related to the circuit layout. The commutation losses are
practically reduced to zero and the EMI emission can also be
minimized. The operation of the ZCZVS PWM Full-Bridge
McMurray, using an auxiliary power supply to the control
system, is analyzed, and design guidelines for the auxiliary
commutation cell are recommended based on this analysis.
Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility
of the proposed 2kW inverter.
I. INTRODUCTION
With the growing development of power devices
technology, switching mode power conversion moves towards
high frequency operation, which can lead to high power
density and fast dynamic response. For inverters, the operation
at high frequency is required to reduce the audible noise, the
volume and the weight of filters, as well as to improve output
voltage quality. However, at high frequency operation,
switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
become significant and must be analyzed in detail.
Power semiconductor devices commutate under two
possible techniques: hard and soft. With hard switching, the
devices are required to change their states (on and off), while
they are subjected at both finite current and voltage values.
High switching stresses produced by the overlapping of
voltage and current result in high switching losses. To
illustrate, the hard switching is shown in Fig. 1 (a). Soft
switching techniques aim to reduce the mentioned overlap
between voltage and current during the commutation. Thus it
is possible to reduce switching losses, enabling high frequency
operation and achieving higher power density. Soft switching
techniques can be classified into two groups: zero voltage
switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) [1].
In the literature, several soft switching techniques have been
proposed for PWM inverters, and nearly all of them operate
with ZVS. Typical examples are the auxiliary resonant
commutated pole inverters (ARCP) [1-3], the ZVS [4-7] and
ZVT (Zero Voltage Transition) inverters [8]. To perform ZVS,
the auxiliary commutation circuit only helps main switches
turn-on, while snubber capacitors reduce turn-off losses. To
illustrate, the current and voltage waveforms of a power
switch with ZVS are shown in Fig. 1 (b). In some ZVS
inverters, the load current charges the snubber capacitors at
main switches turn-off, and as results, there is an important
dependence between the load current value and the conduction
time of the main diodes. Moreover, at high power application
where minority carriers devices are usually employed, the
turn-off losses caused by tail current cannot be totally avoided
with ZVS technique [8]. Minority carriers devices, such as
IGBT and MCT, present better performance with zero current
switching, which can minimize substantially the mentioned
turn-off losses. So, several ZCS techniques applied to PWM
inverters are being investigated in the literature. However,
main switches turn-on losses and the adverse effects of the
main diodes reverse recovery were not totally solved yet. Fig.
1 (c) shows the ZCS commutation.
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the above mentioned
soft switching techniques, this paper proposes a new auxiliary
commutation cell for PWM inverters, denominated Zero
Current and Zero Voltage Transition (ZCZVT). It allows main
switches commutations to happen simultaneously with zero
voltage and zero current, at both turn-on and turn-off, and in
addition it slows di/dt and dv/dt. So, the reverse recovery
losses of the main diodes are minimized and the auxiliary
switches are turned on and off at ZCS. The main switches
turn-on at zero current can reduce significantly the undesired
effects of the parasitic inductances related to the circuit layout.
The commutation losses are virtually reduced to zero and the
EMI emission can be reduced. The zero voltage and current
switching is illustrated in Fig. 1 (d).
The operation of the proposed ZCZVT commutation cell
applied to a full-bridge PWM inverter is theoretically analyzed
in Section II. Section III presents a design guidelines and an
example. The command circuit strategy is presented in Section
IV. The theoretical results obtained from a 2 kW ZCZVT full-
bridge McMurray inverter are given in Section V. The last
section summarizes the conclusions drawn from this
investigation.
A ZCZVT PWM Three-Level Full-Bridge McMurray Inverter
Carlos A. Gallo, Fernando L. Tofoli, Ernane A. A. Coelho,
Luiz Carlos de Freitas, Valdeir J. Farias, João Batista Vieira Jr.
Federal University of Uberlândia
Department Of Electrical Engineering
Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2160, Campus Santa Mônica, Bloco "3N"
CEP 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil, +55-34-32394166
E-mail: batista@ufu.br
2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference Aachen, Germany, 2004
0-7803-8399-0/04/$20.00 ©2004 IEEE. 4803