Session S3D
978-1-4244-1970-8/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE October 22 – 25, 2008, Saratoga Springs, NY
38
th
ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference
S3D-1
Recruitment and Retention of Females in the STEM
Disciplines: The Annual Girl Scout Day Camp at
Baylor University
Cynthia C. Fry, Jessica Davis, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
Baylor University, Cindy_Fry@baylor.edu, Jessica_Davis@baylor.edu, Yasaman_Shirazi-Fard@baylor.edu
Abstract - What would the demographics of typical
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) programs in the United States look like if the
ratio of females going into those fields approached the
ratio of females showing an aptitude and an affinity for
STEM fields prior to puberty? The School of
Engineering and Computer Science (ECS) at Baylor
University, in conjunction with the student sections of the
Society of Women Engineers (SWE) and the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), has designed
an annual Girl Scout Day Camp for Brownies (ages six,
seven, and eight) and Junior (ages nine, ten, and eleven)
Girl Scouts. This paper will review the current research
on the retention of females, especially in the elementary
ages, in the STEM areas; document the design and
development of the annual Girl Scout Day Camp,
including the multi-year rotation of badges and activities
offered; as well as the feedback from the local and area
Girl Scout Councils, Troop Leaders, and parents. In
future years we hope to be able to determine whether
involvement in this type of activity has any significant
effect on the recruitment of females as they approach
high school and college, or the retention of current ECS
females.
Index Terms - community service activities, female
recruiting in STEM fields, female retention in STEM fields,
Girl Scouts.
INTRODUCTION
It is no surprise that the United States faces a “quiet crisis,”
in Thomas Friedman’s words, in the erosion of the scientific
and engineering base in the United States, when it is this
base which has historically been the source of innovation in
our culture [1]. There have been numerous studies and
analyses conducted that have investigated the possible
factors involved of this crisis, but one factor that continues
to come to the forefront is the lack of female representation
in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) fields. The opportunities for women in engineering
and technology fields are seemingly abundant, where,
according to the U.S. Department of Labor, the jobs for
engineers and technologists will grow at eleven percent over
the 2006-2016 decade. [2] An ongoing study by the STEM
Workforce Data Project indicates that the number of degrees
granted in STEM fields to females over the last 40 years has
doubled. [3] Despite all of these trends, the research into the
stereotyped beliefs about gender differences in math and
science-related fields still indicates that girls have lower
levels of confidence than boys, even when they have
equivalent test scores, and are more likely to attribute failure
to lack of ability. [4-5]
According to the Executive Director and CEO of the
Society of Women Engineers, the secret to increasing
women in technology fields is “not to ‘fix’ the girls but to
make the technology classroom and profession more
appealing to and welcoming of girls’.” [6] Project Lead the
Way, whose mission is to create dynamic partnerships with
schools to prepare students to be successful in engineering
and engineering technology programs, has assumed an
important role in increasing awareness of engineering and
science-related fields in the K-12 educational field, but also
indicates that one of the most influential factors in spurring
the interest of girls in science and engineering is finding
female role models in these fields. [7]
DEVELOPMENT OF THE GIRL SCOUT DAY CAMP
Because so much of the recent research shows how
important it is for girls to be in an environment where they
feel welcome and can be successful, the Baylor University
student section of the Society of Women Engineers, in
conjunction with the Girl Scout Council of Central Texas,
developed a Girl Scout Day Camp. The goal of the camp
was to develop a series of activities, led by STEM
undergraduates at Baylor University that would allow the
Girl Scouts to earn math and science-related merit badges
using the facilities in the School of Engineering and
Computer Science (ECS).
I. Day Camp 2005
Initially, the idea for conducting the Day Camp at Baylor
came from a local Brownie troop leader, and wife of an ECS
faculty member. After several planning meetings with the
officers of the Baylor student section of SWE, it was decided
that five Brownie “Try-Its” (badges for Brownie Girl
Scouts) would be offered to the Brownies involved. Two
Brownie troops (fourteen girls total) participated in the
following Try-Its: